How organised is organised cybercrime?

Lusthaus, Jonathan

doi:10.1080/17440572.2012.759508

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…It could be argued that in a few cases, criminal networks tried to regulate and control production and distribution of products and services via online forums: for instance, administrators and moderators can provide a certain degree of third-party enforcement over certain transactions and regulate access to forums. However, contrary to the physical world, they cannot prevent people from attempting, for example, to access the forum with another name (Lusthaus 2013). Furthermore, the existence of online forums is distinct from that of the offenders operating in it (Lusthaus 2013): even if forum administrators and moderators try to retain customers, there is no system of enforcement, no opposition against competitors, and no control over distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, contrary to the physical world, they cannot prevent people from attempting, for example, to access the forum with another name (Lusthaus 2013). Furthermore, the existence of online forums is distinct from that of the offenders operating in it (Lusthaus 2013): even if forum administrators and moderators try to retain customers, there is no system of enforcement, no opposition against competitors, and no control over distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As already stressed by Lusthaus (2013), Lavorgna (2015Lavorgna ( , 2016, Leukfeldt (2015), and Wall (2015), among others, there is not enough consistent and solid evidence to make analogies between cybercrime groups and OC.…”

Section: Cyber Oc: Success and Criticism Of A Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of conceptual inconsistencies (or Bparadoxes^in the words of Paoli 2002) and ongoing definitional debates hinder the construction of a conceptual and analytical framework to forge advancements in both policing and research (van Duyne 1995(van Duyne , 2004Van Duyne and Nelemans 2012;Carrapico 2014). OC experts, in contrast with the very low standards set in policymaking, tend to refine the notion of OC to something more and different than just crime that is organised (Schelling 1971;von Lampe 2008;Allum et al 2010;Varese 2010): as summarised by Lusthaus (2013), OC is also a form of governance within the criminal world.…”

Section: Cyber Oc: Success and Criticism Of A Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When it comes to criminal networks active in cyberspace, in fact, some researchers are increasingly adopting the OC narrative to describe a broad range of offenders (for instance, McGuire 2012). Others, on the other hand, are more cautious in expanding the usage of OC in the absence of further understanding of the characteristics of these criminal networks, as OC is not an aseptic notion but has a strong, evocative power (Lusthaus 2013;Lavorgna 2016). This article seeks to further this path of inquiry and contributes to this debate by presenting empirical research: the section BCyber OC: success and criticism of a conceptp rovides a focused literature review on the presence of OC groups in cyberspace; the section BData gathering and analysis^describes data and the methods used in this study; sections BEmpirical results^and BDiscussion^focus on the composition and structure of the cybercriminal networks analysed, their social relationships, use of violence and corruption and connections with the legal economy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organised Cybercrime or Cybercrime that is Organised? An Assessment of the Conceptualisation of Financial Cybercrime as Organised Crime

Leukfeldt

Lavorgna

Kleemans

2016

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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Criminological research over the last couple of decades has improved our understanding of cybercrimes. However, this body of research is regarded as still theoretically thin and not fully developed; more knowledge on the actors involved, their characteristics, and modus operandi is needed. Some publications recently suggested that organised crime is or might be involved in cybercrimes, which would have important policing implications, but evidence-based research on this point is still scarce and inconclusive. This article seeks to further this path of inquiry by providing a systematic analysis of 40 cases from The Netherlands, Germany, UK, and USA where criminal networks were involved in financial cybercrimes affecting the banking sector. It also assesses whether and to what extent these criminal networks meet the definitions of organised crime and discusses the theoretical and policing implications of our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyber Oc: Success and Criticism Of A Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyber Oc: Success and Criticism Of A Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organised Cybercrime or Cybercrime that is Organised? An Assessment of the Conceptualisation of Financial Cybercrime as Organised Crime

Leukfeldt

Lavorgna

Kleemans

2016

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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Cybercrime Is Not Always Rational, but It Is Reasonable

Bancroft

2019

The Darknet and Smarter Crime

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A challenge for researchers and law enforcement has been understanding criminal activities that are adaptive, resilient and well motivated but not 'organised' in a routine sense (Raab and Milward 2003). A powerful explanation examines their economic logic as sophisticated, rationally governed operations with business-like structures and functions that leverage adaptive network qualities (Kraemer-Mbula et al. 2013;Kshetri 2010;Yip et al. 2012). However, there tends to be an elision between 'markets' and 'economic rationality' as if the two are co-produced. Markets in neoclassical theory are theorised as pure rational exchange when they are in fact institutionalised, culturally located, socially embedded structures (Beckert 2009;Fligstein 2002). In order to function markets do not need rationality, in the sense of calculable judgements that respond to price/cost signals, and do not necessarily breed it either (Beckert and Dewey 2017).In terms of how we theorise illicit markets, criminology has increasingly recognised the many ways that dynamics of criminal economic entities are shaped by market relationships such as supply/demand relationships and economic opportunity structures (Becker 1968;Reuter 1983

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Child Sexual Exploitation Communities on the Darkweb: How Organized Are They?

Bruggen

Blokland

2021

Cybercrime in Context

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How organised is organised cybercrime?

Cited by 56 publications

References 2 publications

Organised Cybercrime or Cybercrime that is Organised? An Assessment of the Conceptualisation of Financial Cybercrime as Organised Crime

Organised Cybercrime or Cybercrime that is Organised? An Assessment of the Conceptualisation of Financial Cybercrime as Organised Crime

Cybercrime Is Not Always Rational, but It Is Reasonable

Child Sexual Exploitation Communities on the Darkweb: How Organized Are They?

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