How pain empathy depends on ingroup/outgroup decisions: A functional magnet resonance imaging study

Ruckmann, Judith; Bodden, Maren; Jansen, Andreas; Kircher, Tilo; Dodel, Richard; Rief, Winfried

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.006

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…As in case of the dmPFC, it is unlikely that our results reflect cerebellar TMS interference on early stages of face processing: indeed, there is no evidence that the cerebellum is involved in extraction of race face features, whereas it is likely implicated in race‐based impression formation (Li et al ., ). The selective effect of cerebellar TMS on the in‐group bias suggests that the (right) cerebellum processes emotional signals depending on the social context (Hehman et al ., ; Ruckmann et al ., ), possibly preferentially responding to in‐group signals that are likely to be more motivationally relevant (e.g. Van Bavel et al ., , ; Cunningham & Brosch, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitchell et al ., ; Cattaneo et al ., ; Contreras et al ., ; Ferrari et al ., ,b). Similarly, in light of growing findings pointing to a role of the cerebellum in integrating emotional and group information (Hehman et al ., ; Ruckmann et al ., ; Li et al ., ), TMS over this region should also significantly affect the association between face ethnic group and adjective valence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an empathy paradigm, Ruckmann et al . () observed that the right cerebellum encoded the interaction between group membership and perceived pain. Also, presenting black and white faces displaying positive and negative emotions, Hehman et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and cerebellar contribution to in‐group attitudes: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Gamond

Ferrari

Rocca

et al. 2017

Eur J of Neuroscience

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We tend to express more positive judgments and behaviors toward individuals belonging to our own group compared to other (out-) groups. In this study, we assessed the role of the cerebellum and of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) - two regions critically implicated in social cognition processes - in mediating implicit valenced attitudes toward in-group and out-group individuals. To this aim, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with a standard attitude priming task, in which Caucasian participants had to categorize the valence of a series of adjectives primed by either an in-group or an out-group face. In two behavioral experiments, we found an in-group bias (i.e. faster categorization of positive adjectives when preceded by in-group faces) but no evidence of an out-group bias. Interestingly, TMS over both the dmPFC and over the (right) cerebellum significantly interfered with the modulation exerted by group membership on adjective valence classification, abolishing the in-group bias observed at baseline. Overall, our data suggest that both the dmPFC and the cerebellum play a causal role in mediating implicit social attitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and cerebellar contribution to in‐group attitudes: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Gamond

Ferrari

Rocca

et al. 2017

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…As briefly summarised in the Care section, there is evidence of social cognitions selectively responding to others boasting salient categorical in-group traits over out-group counterparts. The identity of in-groups is relatively fluid since data support biases whether common features are intrinsic or arbitrary (Golby et al, 2001;Ruckmann et al, 2015), extending to political affiliation (Rand et al, 2009). With a sense of identification, intergroup emotions are generated by belonging to, or deriving identity from, one type of social group vs. another.…”

Section: Foundation 3: Loyalty/ Betrayalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the modern world with a stone-age brain: Brexit and the Moral Foundations Theory

Smith

2019

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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Decision making is not always a reasoned process. It is often subject to reflexive heuristics. The Moral Foundations Theory is a popular theoretical framework that characterises political decisions by adherence to an evolutionary criterion. Based on recurrent ancestral pressures, this model anticipates our species' tribal history has resulted in a set of intuitive ethics: Care/ Harm, Fairness/ Cheating, Loyalty/ Betrayal, Authority/ Subversion, and Sanctity/ Degradation. Focusing on the winning side, this paper analyses official communications, polling data and media coverage to explore how the Leave campaigners intentionally or unintentionally appealed to the public's moral intuitions. In doing so, it aims to show why evolutionary psychology potentially offers a useful layer of analysis with which to understand contemporary politics.

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“…Signals in pain-related and vision-related regions were observed. The result suggested no in-group bias for empathy ratings, whereas distinct activation differences in parts of the cerebellum, right fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, and amygdala were observed between groups, suggesting that these regions may be associated with the modulation of pain empathy ( Ruckmann et al, 2015 ). There is a commonly recognized phenomenon that non-Caucasian patients are more likely to suffer inadequate pain treatment in North America ( Weisse et al, 2005 ; Burgess et al, 2006 ; Cintron and Morrison, 2006 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Accounts and Regulatory Factors For Neural Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms With Respect to Different Paradigms and Relevant Regulatory Factors in Empathy for Pain

et al. 2018

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Empathy for pain is thought to activate the affective-motivational components of the pain matrix, which includes the anterior insula and middle and anterior cingulate cortices, as indicated by functional magnetic resonance imaging and other methodologies. Activity in this core neural network reflects the affective experience that activates our responses to pain and lays the neural foundation for our understanding of our own emotions and those of others. Furthermore, although picture-based paradigms can activate somatosensory components of directly experienced pain, cue-based paradigms cannot. In addition to this difference, the two paradigms evoke other distinct neuronal responses. Although the automatic “perception-action” model has long been the dominant theory for pain empathy, a “bottom-up, top-down” mechanism seems to be more comprehensive and persuasive. Indeed, a variety of factors can regulate the intensity of empathy for pain through “top-down” processes. In this paper, we integrate and generalize knowledge regarding pain empathy and introduce the findings from recent studies. We also present ideas for future research into the neural mechanisms underlying pain empathy.

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How pain empathy depends on ingroup/outgroup decisions: A functional magnet resonance imaging study

Cited by 18 publications

References 86 publications

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and cerebellar contribution to in‐group attitudes: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and cerebellar contribution to in‐group attitudes: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Shaping the modern world with a stone-age brain: Brexit and the Moral Foundations Theory

Neural Mechanisms With Respect to Different Paradigms and Relevant Regulatory Factors in Empathy for Pain

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