How perception of personal space influence obstacle avoidance during walking: differences between young and older adults

Shimizu, Ken D.; Kihara, Yuriko; Itou, Kazunari; Tai, Keita; Furuna, Taketo

doi:10.1298/ptr.e9988

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Based on these considerations and to avoid having excessive factors in our analysis, we focused only on the agent’s genders in this study. We also did not evaluate the age effects because a past study reported that there are no differences in personal space between older and younger adults [ 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stay away from me: Coughing increases social distance even in a virtual environment

et al. 2022

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This study investigated whether the coughing behaviors of virtual agents encourage infection avoidance behavior, i.e., distancing behaviors. We hypothesized that the changes in people’s lifestyles in physical environments due to COVID-19 probably influence their behaviors, even in virtual environments where no infection risk is present. We focused on different types of virtual agents because non-human agents, such as robot-like agents, cannot spread a virus by coughing. We prepared four kinds of virtual agents (human-like/robot-like and male/female) and coughing behaviors for them and experimentally measured the personal distance maintained by participants toward them. Our experiment results showed that participants chose a greater distance from coughing agents, regardless of the types, and negatively evaluated them. They also chose a greater distance from male agents than from female agents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stay away from me: Coughing increases social distance even in a virtual environment

et al. 2022

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“…Such challenges result in walking adjustments needed to circumvent the encountered obstacles and avoid falling or tripping. These adjustments could involve: stepping over something, changing the chosen path, or altering foot placement 2,3 . Paradoxically, avoiding these daily walking challenges can lead to reduced physical activity resulting in deterioration of quality of life and level of independence, and can increase the risk of falling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overground Walking with a Passive Hip Exoskeleton during Obstacle Avoidance in Young Able-Bodied Adults

Pirscoveanu

Hansen

Pedersen

et al. 2022

Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med

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During everyday walking, we encounter challenges such as uneven terrain or curbs, all requiring adjustments to our gait patterns. These adjustments are made to circumvent the given obstacles and avoid falling or tripping. Exoskeletons have proven to assist walking by increasing walking speed and step length. However, most exoskeleton studies are traditionally carried out in a laboratory setting, which is an inaccurate depiction of everyday outdoor walking conditions. This study investigated the spatiotemporal gait parameters and hip kinematics during outdoor walking situations while wearing a passive-assistive hip exoskeleton (aLQ). Eleven healthy male participants walked on three 10-meters obstacle tracks at their self-selected walking speed with and without aLQ. The tracks were designed for the participants to 1) step up onto a sidewalk, 2) step over a pothole, and 3) walk without any obstacle (control situation). The cadence, gait velocity, step length, double stance time, and the 3D hip range of motion angles were extracted and compared for each track with and without aLQ. No significant changes were found for the spatiotemporal parameters with and without exoskeleton when navigating the obstacles. However, a significant decrease in the right hip internal rotation was observed when wearing the exoskeleton compared with without while stepping over (21%, p=0.05) and while walking with no obstacle (6%, p=0.04). These findings indicate that the gait of able-bodied adults was mostly unaffected during overground walking with a passive-assistive hip exoskeleton while navigating obstacles, proving that exoskeletons could be used safely in everyday situations.

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“…What might explain this behaviour? One possible reason is that pedestrians tried to maintain their personal space envelope as they walked past each other (Bourgaize et al 2021; Gerin-Lajoie et al 2005; Gorrini et al 2014; Hecht et al 2019; Liu et al 2019; Shimizu et al 2020). During locomotion, the personal space envelope is a protective zone around body that allows the person to detect hazards and initiate timely avoidance maneuvers, if necessary (Gerin-Lajoie et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During locomotion, the personal space envelope is a protective zone around body that allows the person to detect hazards and initiate timely avoidance maneuvers, if necessary (Gerin-Lajoie et al 2005). The typical ML separation distance at the time of crossing when circumventing a person/mannequin is approximately 50 – 70 cm (Bourgaize et al 2021; Gerin-Lajoie et al 2005; Shimizu et al 2020). These values are based on the distance between the arm of one person/mannequin and the centre of mass of the other, or the distance between to the sternum of each person.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying factors that contribute to collision avoidance behaviours while walking in a natural environment

Nikmanesh,

Cinelli,

Marigold

2024

Preprint

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Busy walking paths, like in a park, a sidewalk in a city centre, or a shopping mall, frequently necessitate collision avoidance behaviour. Lab-based research has shown how a variety of situation-specific factors (e.g., distraction, object/pedestrian proximity) and person-specific factors (e.g., pedestrian size, age), typically studied independently, affect avoidance behaviour. What happens in the real world is unclear. Thus, we filmed unscripted pedestrian walking behaviours on a busy ∼3.5 m urban path adjacent to the water. We leveraged deep learning algorithms to identify and extract walking trajectories of pedestrians and had unbiased raters characterize interaction details. Here we analyzed over 500 situations where two pedestrians approached each other from opposite ends (i.e., one-on-one pedestrian interactions). We found that smaller medial-lateral distance between approaching pedestrians and a lower number of surrounding pedestrians (i.e., smaller crowd size) predicted an increase in the likelihood of a subsequent path deviation. Furthermore, we found that whether a pedestrian looked distracted or held, pushed, or pulled something while walking predicted the medial-lateral distance between pedestrians at the time of crossing. Although pedestrians maintained a larger personal space boundary compared to lab settings, this is likely because of the outdoor path’s width. Overall, our results suggest that collision avoidance behaviours in lab and real-world environments share similarities and offer insights relevant to developing more accurate computational models for realistic pedestrian movement.

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How perception of personal space influence obstacle avoidance during walking: differences between young and older adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Stay away from me: Coughing increases social distance even in a virtual environment

Stay away from me: Coughing increases social distance even in a virtual environment

Overground Walking with a Passive Hip Exoskeleton during Obstacle Avoidance in Young Able-Bodied Adults

Identifying factors that contribute to collision avoidance behaviours while walking in a natural environment

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