How probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics prevent dental caries: an oral microbiota perspective

Luo, Si-Chen; Wei, Si-Min; Luo, Xin-Tao; Yang, Qiong-Qiong; Wong, Ka-Hing; Cheung, Peter C. K.; Zhang, Bo-Bo

doi:10.1038/s41522-024-00488-7

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 193 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The focus of the present review is solely on the effect of probiotic supplements on the oral microbiota, which is why studies on prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics were not included. However, it is important to stress that studies have demonstrated the potential of using prebiotics such as arginine and non-cariogenic sugars in the prevention of dental caries [120,121], as well as dietary fibers in the prevention of periodontitis [122], thereby illuminating a preventive potential of prebiotics in oral care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota—A Narrative Review

Lundtorp-Olsen,

Markvart,

Twetman

et al. 2024

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that probiotics positively impact clinical parameters of oral diseases such as gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis. However, the working mechanism of probiotics is not fully understood, but is hypothesized to be mediated by direct and indirect interactions with the oral microbiota and the human host. In the present narrative review, we focused on the microbiological effect of probiotic supplements based on data retrieved from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In addition, we assessed to what extent contemporary molecular methods have been employed in clinical trials in the field of oral probiotics. Multiple RCTs have been performed studying the potential effect of probiotics on gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis, as evaluated by microbial endpoints. In general, results are conflicting, with some studies reporting a positive effect, whereas others are not able to record any effect. Major differences in terms of study designs and sample size, as well as delivery route, frequency, and duration of probiotic consumption, hamper comparison across studies. In addition, most RCTs have been performed with a limited sample size using relatively simple methods for microbial identification, such as culturing, qPCR, and DNA–DNA checkerboard, while high-throughput methods such as 16S sequencing have only been employed in a few studies. Currently, state-of-the-art molecular methods such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics have not yet been used in RCTs in the field of probiotics. The present narrative review revealed that the effect of probiotic supplements on the oral microbiota remains largely uncovered. One important reason is that most RCTs are performed without studying the microbiological effect. To facilitate future systematic reviews and meta-analyses, an internationally agreed core outcome set for the reporting of microbial endpoints in clinical trials would be desirable. Such a standardized collection of outcomes would most likely improve the quality of probiotic research in the oral context.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota—A Narrative Review

Lundtorp-Olsen,

Markvart,

Twetman

et al. 2024

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the oral cavity, a variety of prebiotics have been investigated. These include some sugars, sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides (complex sugars), amino acids, and nitrogen species ( Luo et al, 2024 ). Prebiotics must be carefully selected to encourage the growth of probiotic strains without stimulating the growth of oral pathogens.…”

Section: Prebiotics and Postbioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics for oral health: a critical evaluation of bacterial strains

Beattie

2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oral health is critical for total body health and well-being; however, little improvement in oral health status has occurred in the U.S. over the past 20 years. Tooth decay and gum disease remain highly prevalent, with more than 90% and 50% of adults suffering from these conditions, respectively. To combat this lack of improvement, alternative approaches to dental care are now being suggested. One such alternative therapy is probiotics for oral care. In the oral cavity, probiotic strains have been shown to reduce levels of oral pathogens, inhibit the formation of dental caries, and reduce the levels of bacteria that cause halitosis. However, as the oral care probiotic market expands, many products contain bacterial species and strains with no documented health benefits leading to confusion and mistrust among consumers and clinicians. This confusion is enhanced by the regulatory status of probiotic products which puts the onus of safety and efficacy on the manufacturer rather than a central regulatory body. The overarching goal of this review is to provide consumers and clinicians with documented evidence supporting (or refuting) the health benefits of oral care probiotics marketed for sale in the United States. This includes defining what constitutes an oral care probiotic product and a strain level analysis of candidate probiotics from the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus. Additionally, prebiotics and postbiotics will be discussed. Finally, a set of considerations for consumers and clinicians is provided to empower probiotic product decision making. Together, this review will improve understanding of oral care probiotics marketed in the US for dental professionals and consumers.

show abstract

“…They also have the ability to inhibit their growth by producing antimicrobial peptides, and some probiotics may participate in the indirect elimination of pathogens by stimulating the host's immune system through cytokine overexpression, which leads to a higher phagocytic activity. Due to the aforementioned factors, probiotics have been considered an effective option to reduce the incidence of infections produced by pathogenic biofilms [5,13,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Effect of Streptococcus dentisani on Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study

Bedoya-Correa,

Betancur-Giraldo,

Franco

et al. 2024

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Probiotics, including Streptococcus dentisani, have been proposed as an alternative to re-establish the ecology of the oral cavity and inhibit the formation of pathogenic biofilms. The main objective of this work was to assess the probiotic ability of S. dentisani against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, and Candida albicans biofilms. The ability of the strains to form a monospecies biofilm and the probiotic potential of S. dentisani using the competition, exclusion, and displacement strategies were determined. All strains were moderate biofilm producers. The ability of S. dentisani to compete with and exclude S. mutans and S. mitis during biofilm formation was not significant. However, S. dentisani significantly reduced pathologic streptococcal biofilms using the displacement strategy. Also S. dentisani reduced the formation of the C. albicans biofilm mainly through competition and displacement. In vitro, S. dentisani exhibited probiotic potential to reduce the formation of potentially pathogenic biofilms. Further investigation is required to understand the biofilm-inhibiting mechanisms exhibited by this probiotic strain.

show abstract

How probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics prevent dental caries: an oral microbiota perspective

Cited by 17 publications

References 193 publications

Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota—A Narrative Review

Effect of Probiotic Supplements on the Oral Microbiota—A Narrative Review

Probiotics for oral health: a critical evaluation of bacterial strains

Probiotic Effect of Streptococcus dentisani on Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About