How remote is remote pilotage?

Abstract

Today, the idea of allowing aircraft pilots to operate as they see fit, without any control from the land, is unthinkable. Will the same things apply to ships in twenty to thirty years' time?" 1 Current maritime pilotage regimes are clearly seen in some quarters as too restrictive and old fashioned. Change is "in the air" and VTS, pilotage, and the relationship between them cannot be immune to it. Subject to the attainment of the appropriate standards by both ships and their crews there is no practical reason why more flexible Vessel Traffic Management cannot be introduced. The required technology is largely available and, with the introduction of AIS, the required dynamic data can be available. Technical problems foreseen are believed capable of solution. The more significant obstacles to implementation are, therefore, largely political, commercial, organisational, and cultural. These issues are discussed in this paper taking into account the viewpoints of major stakeholders.

Pilotage services in Turkey; key issues and ideal pilotage

“…Moreover, it is necessary to determine lower and upper age limits for maritime pilots. • There is widespread support, both among experienced maritime pilots and some studies (Hadley & Pourzanjani 2003), that not every captain should be a maritime pilot. Special tests should be applied to qualify as a maritime pilot, including aptitude tests and other vocational tests.…”

Remote piloting in an intelligent fairway – A paradigm for future pilotage

“…This statement actively limits the coverage of the remote piloted part of the passage. This antipathy towards the possibility to pilot a vessel from locations other than on board has been present for as long as discussion of remote piloting has been ongoing (Betz, 2015;Hadley & Pourzanjani, 2003). Hadley & Pourzanjani further describe that resistance has been based on skepticism about the capabilities of technology, vessel, and crew.…”

“…The transition from conventional to remote pilotage among stakeholders demands a clear understanding of the role of emerging technologies and risks in relation to the practicalities of remote pilotage (Betz, 2015;Bruno & Lutzhoft, 2009;Hadley & Pourzanjani, 2003). Regardless of growing pressure to lower piloting costs and increase safety, research to date has not determined a paradigm for remote piloting (Bruno & Lutzhoft, 2009;van Westrenen, 1999;Hadley & Pourzanjani, 2003).…”

“…The transition from conventional to remote pilotage among stakeholders demands a clear understanding of the role of emerging technologies and risks in relation to the practicalities of remote pilotage (Betz, 2015;Bruno & Lutzhoft, 2009;Hadley & Pourzanjani, 2003). Regardless of growing pressure to lower piloting costs and increase safety, research to date has not determined a paradigm for remote piloting (Bruno & Lutzhoft, 2009;van Westrenen, 1999;Hadley & Pourzanjani, 2003). This is a key deficiency, especially considering that the goal of successful pilotage in remote or conventional applications is aligned with the duty of the pilot to safely guide a vessel to and from her berth by avoiding collision and grounding, among other dangers.…”

Risk analysis methodology using STPA-based Bayesian network- applied to remote pilotage operation

“…Maritime stakeholders are exploring the viability of operational transformation using increased automation and digitalisation. One of them is the Remote pilotage operation (RPO), which is currently at the development stage in Europe in several countries (Hadley and Pourzanjani, 2003;Lahtinen et al, 2020;Salonen et al, 2020). In addition to identification and risk analysis techniques.…”