How Roots Perceive and Respond to Gravity

Moore, Randy; Evans, Michael L.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1986.tb12077.x

Cited by 86 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The end result of the stretching process would be an altered rate of ion flux, theoretically leading to activation of cellular processes. The movement of Ca2+ and its association with calmodulin action have been implicated in the gravitropic response of roots (e.g., Hasenstein and Evans, 1986;Moore and Evans, 1986), suggesting that calcium channels might be significant in the stretch activation process. However, as far as we are aware, nothing is known about the roles of calcium and calmodulin in the gravitropic response mechanism in cereal grass pulvini.…”

Section: Perception Ofgravity In the Pulvinus-mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Cereal Grass Shoots Perceive and Respond To Gravity

Kaufman¹,

Brock²,

Song³

et al. 1987

American Journal of Botany

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The leaf-sheath pulvinus of grasses presents a unique system for studying gravitropism, primarily because of its differences from other organs. The mature pulvinus is a discrete organ specialized for gravitropism: it is nongrowing in the absence of gravistimulation and capable of displaying a graviresponse independent of the rest of the plant. In this paper we present a model for gravitropism in pulvini based on recent findings from studies on the mechanisms of graviperception and graviresponse. According to this model, amyloplasts play an essential role in perceiving a change in the orientation of the pulvinus. The perception of this reorientation leads to the enhanced synthesis and release from conjugate of the auxin IAA, and the increased conjugation of gibberellin, on a localized basis. Because there is a graded growth promotion across the gravistimulated pulvinus, it is suggested that the observed hormonal asymmetry is actually an indication of a linear gradient of hormone concentration, as well as hormone response, across the pulvinus. It is further suggested that the linear gradient of hormone concentration may be predominantly the result of local changes in hormone level, rather than a product of hormonal movement into or across the pulvinus.

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Section: Perception Ofgravity In the Pulvinus-mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Cereal Grass Shoots Perceive and Respond To Gravity

Kaufman¹,

Brock²,

Song³

et al. 1987

American Journal of Botany

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“…All plants exhibit gravitropic growth, but how they sense gravity and transduce this physical stimulus into physiological responses is a central question in plant biology (Firn and Digby, 1980; Pickard, 1985; Moore and Evans, 1986; Moore, 1991; Nedukha, 1997; Sievers et al ., 1997). Plants respond to gravity by directional growth orientating roots vertically downwards (positive gravitropism) and shoots upwards (negative gravitropism).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AtPIN2 defines a locus of Arabidopsis for root gravitropism control

Müller¹,

Guan²,

Gälweiler³

et al. 1998

EMBO J

820

650

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The molecular mechanisms underlying gravity perception and signal transduction which control asymmetric plant growth responses are as yet unknown, but are likely to depend on the directional flux of the plant hormone auxin. We have isolated an Arabidopsis mutant of the AtPIN2 gene using transposon mutagenesis. Roots of the Atpin2::En701 null-mutant were agravitropic and showed altered auxin sensitivity, a phenotype characteristic of the agravitropic wav6-52 mutant. The AtPIN2 gene was mapped to chromosome 5 (115.3 cM) corresponding to the WAV6 locus and subsequent genetic analysis indicated that wav6-52 and Atpin2::En701 were allelic. The AtPIN2 gene consists of nine exons defining an open reading frame of 1944 bp which encodes a 69 kDa protein with 10 putative transmembrane domains interrupted by a central hydrophilic loop. The topology of AtPIN2p was found to be similar to members of the major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins. We have shown that the AtPIN2 gene was expressed in root tips. The AtPIN2 protein was localized in membranes of root cortical and epidermal cells in the meristematic and elongation zones revealing a polar localization. These results suggest that AtPIN2 plays an important role in control of gravitropism regulating the redistribution of auxin from the stele towards the elongation zone of roots.

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“…It is required throughout the life cycle for cell division, elongation, and differentiation of vascular tissues as well as initiation of buds and lateral roots and control of lateral branching. It mediates the responses of plants to light and gravity (3)(4)(5). Until quite recently, all known substances with auxin activity have been small, amphipathic, organic compounds, usually with an aromatic ring system bearing a side chain with a polar group (1,6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular signaling: new insights into the action of the plant growth hormone auxin.

Goldsmith

1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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How Roots Perceive and Respond to Gravity

Cited by 86 publications

References 70 publications

How Cereal Grass Shoots Perceive and Respond To Gravity

How Cereal Grass Shoots Perceive and Respond To Gravity

AtPIN2 defines a locus of Arabidopsis for root gravitropism control

Cellular signaling: new insights into the action of the plant growth hormone auxin.

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