How Should Beginners Learn Ultrasound In-Plane Needle Techniques? A Randomized Comparison between Directed- and Self-Learning

Abstract

Background: With ultrasound (US) guidance, the in-plane (IP) technique allows operators to track the needle in real time during its advancement towards the target nerve. While mastery of the IP technique is instrumental to the success (and safety) of peripheral nerve blocks, the optimal learning strategy for beginners has not been elucidated. In this randomized trial, using phantom gel models, we compared control-, self-and directed-learning for the acquisition of IP needle skills. We hypothesized that, compared to the 2 other groups, directed-learning would require a shorter performance time and fewer needle passes to complete the post-test.