How Similar are Mothers and Fathers of Young Children in Their Parenting Responses and Goals?

Fatherhood & Children’s Remote Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic:

“…His children can also think critically because the participant provides opportunities for his children to discuss the daily problems every day. This finding is in line with previous studies that fatherhood could create a secure attachment and influence children's early development [35][36], cognition, and emotional regulation well [22] [37].…”

“…It can be seen from their cognitive and emotional responsiveness within the family [19], their commitment to caring the future generations [20], as well as to the social, economic, and cultural context in which they define their identity [21]. Generatively, fathers are expected to be as approachable, nurturing, and capable as mothers in responding to the signals and needs of their child and also able to personalize the roles of teachers, providers, and protector in the ever-expanding world of the children [22][23] [24]. In Balinese society, it is another challenge for men to deal with this expectation of fatherhood.…”

“…Paternal caregiving, especially by stay-at-home fathers, which occurs intensively, can foster attachment [33][34]. Some studies found that attachment built by paternal caregiving is secured and affects children's early childhood development [35][36], cognition, and emotional regulation well [22] [37]. Therefore, fatherhood increases the possibility that children will raise empathy, problem-solving, and temperament to care for others [38].…”

Differentiation of self and its relationship with marital satisfaction and parenting styles in a Spanish sample of adolescents’ parents

“…García-Moral et al [ 35 ] Mendo et al [ 56 ] and Oliva et al [ 36 ] also observed that Spanish adolescents perceived mothers as warmer and more communicative than fathers. Furthermore, García-Moral et al [ 35 ], Horvath et al [ 38 ] or Oliva et al [ 36 ] found a great concordance between parental and maternal parenting styles. However, Mendo et al [ 56 ] found that women use more inductive and rigid forms, and García-Moral et al [ 35 ] and Oliva et al [ 36 ] observed that women controlled their children more than men.…”

“…Gender stereotypes, that still associate women with the childrearing largely than men, could explain these results. Despite these differences, the high correlations found between maternal and paternal style, indicate that children perceive the educational practices of both parents in a similar way [ 35 , 36 , 38 ].…”