How Social and Non-Social Information Influence Classification Decisions: A Computational Modelling Approach

Puskaric, Marin; Helversen, Bettina von; Rieskamp, Jörg

doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1192209

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…These two hypotheses are hard to tease apart based on raw behavioral analyses, because both predict a reduced correct choice rate in the ‘Social’ conditions. Thus, to arbitrate between these two possibilities, we fitted a previously validated social reinforcement learning model [ 14 , 24 ]. This model allows for biasing participants’ choice depending on the demonstrator’s choice in the ‘Social-Choice’ condition (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts

2019

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Depression is characterized by a marked decrease in social interactions and blunted sensitivity to rewards. Surprisingly, despite the importance of social deficits in depression, non-social aspects have been disproportionally investigated. As a consequence, the cognitive mechanisms underlying atypical decision-making in social contexts in depression are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate whether deficits in reward processing interact with the social context and how this interaction is affected by self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms in the general population. Two cohorts of subjects (discovery and replication sample: N = 50 each) took part in an experiment involving reward learning in contexts with different levels of social information (absent, partial and complete). Behavioral analyses revealed a specific detrimental effect of depressive symptoms–but not anxiety–on behavioral performance in the presence of social information, i.e. when participants were informed about the choices of another player. Model-based analyses further characterized the computational nature of this deficit as a negative audience effect, rather than a deficit in the way others’ choices and rewards are integrated in decision making. To conclude, our results shed light on the cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying the interaction between social cognition, reward learning and decision-making in depressive disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts

2019

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“…This adds to a growing literature that preventing harm to others is a strong modulator of human behaviour [ 45 , 66 ]. It also highlights an interaction between the reliability of information and social norms that result in a contextually guided integration of the two [ 31 , 67 ]. We suggest that norms are weighed against information akin to cue integration mechanisms where perceptual decision weights are adjusted by the respective relative reliabilities of each percept [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norm compliance affects perceptual decisions through modulation of a starting point bias

2018

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Adaptive decisions in social contexts depend on both perceptual information and social expectations or norms. These are potentially in conflict when certain choices are beneficial for an individual, but societal rules mandate a different course of action. To resolve such a conflict, the reliability of information has to be balanced against potentially deleterious effects of non-compliance such as ostracism. In this study, we systematically investigated how interactions between perceptual and social influences affect decision-relevant cognitive processes. In a direction-of-motion discrimination task, participants received perceptual information alongside information on other players' choices. In addition, we created conflict scenarios where players’ choices affected other participants' monetary rewards dependent on whether their choices were in line or against the opinion of the other players. Importantly, we altered the strength of this manipulation in two separate experiments by contrasting motivations of either preventing harm or providing a benefit to others. Behavioural analyses and computational models of perceptual decisions showed that participants successfully integrated perceptual with social information. Participants' reliance on social information was effectively modulated in conflict situations. Critically, these effects were augmented when the strength of social norms was increased, indexing conditions under which social norms effectively influence decisions. These results inform theories of social influence by providing an account of how higher order goals like social norm compliance affect perceptual decisions.

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“…These two hypotheses are hard to tease apart based on raw behavioral analyses, because both predict a reduced correct choice rate in the ‘Social’ conditions. Thus, to arbitrate between these two possibilities, we fitted a previously validated social reinforcement learning model (14, 23) . This model allows for biasing participants’ choice depending on their demonstrator’s choice in the ‘Social-Choice’ (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social information impairs reward learning in depressive subjects: behavioral and computational characterization

Safra

Chevallier

Palminteri

2018

Preprint

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Social information impairs reward learning in depressive subjects: behavioral and 2 computational characterization 3 4 5 Abstract (max 218/250) 16 Depression is characterized by a marked decrease in social interactions and blunted sensitivity 17 to rewards. Surprisingly, despite the importance of social deficits in depression, non-social 18 aspects have been disproportionally investigated. As a consequence, the cognitive 19 mechanisms underlying atypical decision-making in social contexts in depression are poorly 20 understood. In the present study, we investigate whether deficits in reward processing interact 21 with the social context and how this interaction is affected by self-reported depression and 22 anxiety symptoms. Two cohorts of subjects (discovery and replication sample: N = 50 each) 23 took part in a task involving reward learning in a social context with different levels of social 24 information (absent, partial and complete). Behavioral analyses revealed a specific detrimental 25 effect of depressive symptoms -but not anxiety -on behavioral performance in the presence 26 of social information, i.e. when participants were informed about the choices of another player. 27Model-based analyses further characterized the computational nature of this deficit as a 28 negative audience effect, rather than a deficit in the way others' choices and rewards are 29 integrated in decision making. To conclude, our results shed light on the cognitive and 30 computational mechanisms underlying the interaction between social cognition, reward 31 learning and decision-making in depressive disorders. 32 33 Page 3 of 29 MAIN TEXT 34 35 36 37One of the core clinical symptoms of depression is anhedonia, which refers to a reduced 38 motivation to engage in daily life activities (motivational anhedonia) and a reduced enjoyment 39 of usually enjoyable activities (consummatory anhedonia) (1, 2). In principle, this clinical 40 manifestation could be explained by reduced reward sensitivity, both in terms of incentive 41 motivation and in terms of reinforcement processes (3-5). A direct prediction of this hypothesis 42 is that depressive symptoms should be associated with reduced reward sensitivity in learning 43 contexts both at the behavioral and neural level. However, while some studies do find 44 evidence that depressive symptoms in the general population and in clinical depression are 45 associated with blunted reward learning and reward-related signals in the brain (6, 7), others 46 indicate no (8, 9) or mixed effects (5). As a consequence, there is no strong consensus about 47 which components of reward processing are most predictive of depressive symptoms in both 48 the general population and clinical depression (5). 50Another striking clinical manifestation of depressed symptoms is a marked decrease in social 51 interactions. Depression is indeed associated with social risk factors, social impairments and 52 poor social functioning (10). Surprisingly, despite the importance of the socio-cognitive 53 impairments that ...

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How Social and Non-Social Information Influence Classification Decisions: A Computational Modelling Approach

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts

Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts

Norm compliance affects perceptual decisions through modulation of a starting point bias

Social information impairs reward learning in depressive subjects: behavioral and computational characterization

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