How Temperature Measurement Impacts Pressure Drop and Heat Transport in Slender Fixed Beds of Raschig Rings

Abstract

The axial temperature profile of a packed bed is often measured by thermocouples placed either directly in the bed or inside a thermowell centered in the reactor tube. Quantifying the impact of the thermocouple well on fluid flow, heat transport, and consequently on the measured temperatures is still an unresolved challenge for lab-scale reactors but especially, and even more so for multitubular reactors in industry. Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (PRCFD) simulations are a suitable approach to investigate the changes in transport phenomena exerted by inserting thermocouple wells into packed beds because they take into account the local packed bed structures. In this study, PRCFD simulations are performed based on design of simulation experiments (DoSE). The effect of the thermowell diameter and its thermal conductivity on the deviations between packed beds with and without thermowells is statistically quantified for characteristic integral quantities like pressure drop and tube wall-bed Nusselt number. The axial temperature profiles inside the thermowells can be computed efficiently with reasonably accuracy applying the Nusselt number correction as derived in this study from the DoSE in a one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous energy balance.

A conjugated heat and mass transfer model to implement reaction in particle-resolved CFD simulations of catalytic fixed bed reactors

“…The packed beds are typically generated synthetically employing the discrete element method (Jurtz, Waldherr, and Kraume (2019)) or the rigid body approach (Flaischlen and Wehinger (2019)). Most of the PRCFD studies available in literature neglect chemical reaction to investigate the impact of the particle shape (Dixon, Nijemeisland, and Stitt (2005)), the Dt /dp ratio (Flaischlen, Kutscherauer, and Wehinger (2021)) or inserts, such as heat fins (Jurtz, Flaischlen, Scherf, Kraume, and Wehinger (2020)) and thermowells (Kutscherauer et al (2023)) on pressure drop and heat transport. However, the strong interplay between the transport phenomena and the catalytic chemistry requires to implement reaction in the PRCFD simulations in order to analyse the fixed bed reactor to a sufficiently high degree of detail.…”

A conjugated heat and mass transfer model to implement reaction in particle-resolved CFD simulations of catalytic fixed bed reactors

“…The packed beds are typically generated synthetically employing the discrete element method (Jurtz, Waldherr, and Kraume (2019)) or the rigid body approach (Flaischlen and Wehinger (2019)). Most of the PRCFD studies available in literature neglect chemical reaction to investigate the impact of the particle shape (Dixon, Nijemeisland, and Stitt (2005)), the Dt /dp ratio (Flaischlen, Kutscherauer, and Wehinger (2021)) or inserts, such as heat fins (Jurtz, Flaischlen, Scherf, Kraume, and Wehinger (2020)) and thermowells (Kutscherauer et al (2023)) on pressure drop and heat transport. However, the strong interplay between the transport phenomena and the catalytic chemistry requires to implement reaction in the PRCFD simulations in order to analyse the fixed bed reactor to a sufficiently high degree of detail.…”