How the timing of visual feedback influences goal-directed arm movements: delays and presentation rates

Brenner, Eli; Straaten, Chris A G van; Vries, A Julia de; Baas, Tobias R D; Bröring, Kirsten M; Smeets, Jeroen B. J.

doi:10.1007/s00221-023-06617-6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Visual feedback latencies are an inherent component of human-computer interactions that rely on continuous task feedback, from everyday computer mouse use 1 to sophisticated virtual and augmented reality systems used for skill training in tasks like the operation of surgical robotic systems 2,3 , rehabilitation 4 , and flight simulators 5 . While these latencies due to delayed system response times are commonly short (<100ms) -a level at which they are often not perceived 6 research has shown that even sub-100ms feedback latencies can markedly reduce motor performance in tasks such as reaching, tracking, steering, and collaborative control [7][8][9][10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].5° for explicit generalization. Moreover, we found that, like implicit adaptation during the training and retraining periods, the local component of implicit generalization grew as latency decreased (5.6±0.9° vs 7.7±0.7° for 85ms vs. 25ms, t(66)=1.8, p= 0.042; and 5.5±1.0° vs 7.7±0.7° for 300ms vs. 25ms, t(66)=1.7, p= 0.043).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Subtle Visual Latency Can Profoundly Impair Implicit Sensorimotor Learning

Hadjiosif,

Abraham,

Ranjan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Short sub-100ms visual feedback latencies are common in many types of human-computer interactions yet are known to markedly reduce performance in a wide variety of motor tasks from simple pointing to operating surgical robotics. These latencies are also present in the computer-based experiments used to study the sensorimotor learning that underlies the acquisition of motor performance. Inspired by neurophysiological findings showing that cerebellar LTD and cortical LTP would both be disrupted by sub-100ms latencies, we hypothesized that implicit sensorimotor learning may be particularly sensitive to these short latencies. Remarkably, we find that improving latency by just 60ms, from 85 to 25ms in latency-optimized experiments, increases implicit learning by 50% and proportionally decreases explicit learning, resulting in a dramatic reorganization of sensorimotor memory. We go on to show that implicit sensorimotor learning is considerably more sensitive to latencies in the sub-100ms range than at higher latencies, in line with the latency-specific neural plasticity that has been observed. This suggests a clear benefit for latency reduction in computer-based training that involves implicit sensorimotor learning and that across-study differences in implicit motor learning might often be explained by disparities in feedback latency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtle Visual Latency Can Profoundly Impair Implicit Sensorimotor Learning

Hadjiosif,

Abraham,

Ranjan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The impact of dwell time on the contextual effect of visual and passive lead-in movements

Alvarez-Hidalgo,

Franklin,

Howard

2024

Preprint

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Contextual cues arising from distinct movements are crucial in shaping control strategies for human movement. Here, we examine the impact of visual and passive lead-in movement cues on unimanual motor learning, focusing on the influence of dwell time, in which two-part movements are separated by the interval between the end of the first movement and the start of the second. We used a robotic manipulandum to implement a point-to-point interference task with switching opposing viscous curl-fields in male and female human participants. Consistent with prior research, in both visual and passive lead-in conditions, participants showed significant adaptation to opposing dynamics with short dwell times. As dwell time increased for both visual and passive signals, past movement information had less contextual influence. However, the efficacy of visual movement cues declined faster as dwell times increased. At dwell times greater than 800ms, the contextual influence of prior visual movement was small, whereas the effectiveness of passive lead-in movement was found to be significantly greater. This indicates that the effectiveness of sensory movement cues in motor learning is modality-dependent. We hypothesize that such differences may arise because proprioceptive signals directly relate to arm movements, whereas visual inputs can relate to many aspects of movement in the environment and not just to our own arm movements. Therefore, the motor system may not always find them as relevant for predictive control of dynamics.

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How changes in the mean latency, jitter amplitude, and jitter frequency impact target acquisition performance

Beech,

Stanton Fraser,

Corston-Petrie

et al. 2024

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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Interactive technologies require the user to frequently generate purposeful movements, where actions are guided towards targets. While delays between the movement onset and the corresponding update within the virtual space have been shown to impair target acquisition, the relative contribution of the individual latency parameters remains unclear. This paper investigates how changes in latency, the moment-by-moment variability in the latency (jitter amplitude) and the rate of variability (jitter frequency), affect the speed and accuracy of target acquisition at different mean latencies. Experiment 1 explored changes in the mean latency and jitter amplitude. As the mean latency increased, we observed substantial impairments in completion time and accuracy, with increased variability in performance. There was also an interaction between the mean latency and jitter amplitude: although large jitter amplitudes caused a small completion time impairment, this effect decreased as the mean latency increased. Experiment 2 isolated the effect of the jitter by investigating changes in the jitter amplitude and jitter frequency at a fixed mean latency. Here, we observed completion time impairments from 67ms amplitude and accuracy impairments from 134ms amplitude. Like Experiment 1, the effect of the amplitude was small. Notably, we found no evidence that changes in the jitter frequency significantly influenced performance. Overall, increases in the mean latency contributed most to the impairment, disrupting acquisition speed and accuracy as it increased. Large jitter amplitudes also disrupted speed and accuracy, but this was a comparatively small effect that was mediated by the mean latency.

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How the timing of visual feedback influences goal-directed arm movements: delays and presentation rates

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Subtle Visual Latency Can Profoundly Impair Implicit Sensorimotor Learning

Subtle Visual Latency Can Profoundly Impair Implicit Sensorimotor Learning

The impact of dwell time on the contextual effect of visual and passive lead-in movements

How changes in the mean latency, jitter amplitude, and jitter frequency impact target acquisition performance

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