How time flies: A study of novice skydivers

Campbell, Leah A.; Bryant, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.011

Cited by 79 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These results replicate findings of a series of studies on the temporal estimation of a specific, non-standardized, stressful event, such as a stressful film of a given duration (e.g. 3 min) (the September 11 terrorist attack, bank robbery) (Anderson, Reis-Costa & Misanin, 2007;Loftus, Shooler, Boone & Kline, 1987), the time period (45 s) spent watching a live spider for arachnophobic and non-arachnophic participants (Watts & Sharrock, 1984), the first jump of novice skydivers (Campbell & Bryant, 2007) or the moving of participants on a treadmill going toward or away a precipe (Langer, Wapner & Werner, 1961). For a last example, Stetson, Fiesta & Eagleman (2007) showed in their study that the participants overestimated the duration of a freefall from a tower (2.49 s), consistently with their verbal report that their fall 'had seemed to take a very long time', whereas their temporal resolution (temporal thresholds of the discrimination between 2 digits) has not changed with stress, that is, has not been improved or deteriorated.…”

Section: The Effect Of Negative High-arousal Emotion On Time Perceptionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Time, Emotion and the Embodiment of Timing

Droit‐Volet

Fayolle

Lamotte

et al. 2013

Timing Time Percept

130

127

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The past few decades have seen an explosion in studies exploring the effects of emotion on time judgments. The aim of this review is to describe the results of these studies and to look at how they try to explain the time distortions produced by emotion. We begin by examining the findings on time judgments in affective disorders, which allow us to make a clear distinction between the feelings of time distortion that originate from introspection onto subjective personal experience, and the effects of emotion on the basic mechanisms involved in time perception. We then report the results of behavioral studies that have tested the effects of emotions on time perceptions and the temporal processing of different emotional stimuli (e.g. facial expressions, affective pictures or sounds). Finally, we describe our own studies of the embodiment of timing. Overall, the different results on time and emotion suggest that temporal distortions are an indicator of how our brain and body adapt to the dynamic structure of our environment.

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Section: The Effect Of Negative High-arousal Emotion On Time Perceptionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Time, Emotion and the Embodiment of Timing

Droit‐Volet

Fayolle

Lamotte

et al. 2013

Timing Time Percept

130

127

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show abstract

“…However, studies of this topic are infrequent and most of them have used the retrospective temporal judgement paradigm (e.g. Gorn et al 2004;Danckert & Allman 2005;Anderson et al 2007;Campbell & Bryant 2007). In the retrospective paradigm, participants are unaware that they will be asked to judge the duration of a stimulus event.…”

Section: The Standardized Emotional Pictures or Sounds And Their Effementioning

confidence: 99%

The time–emotion paradox

Droit‐Volet

Gil

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

287

219

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The present manuscript discusses the time-emotion paradox in time psychology: although humans are able to accurately estimate time as if they possess a specific mechanism that allows them to measure time (i.e. an internal clock), their representations of time are easily distorted by the context. Indeed, our sense of time depends on intrinsic context, such as the emotional state, and on extrinsic context, such as the rhythm of others' activity. Existing studies on the relationships between emotion and time suggest that these contextual variations in subjective time do not result from the incorrect functioning of the internal clock but rather from the excellent ability of the internal clock to adapt to events in one's environment. Finally, the fact that we live and move in time and that everything, every act, takes more or less time has often been neglected. Thus, there is no unique, homogeneous time but instead multiple experiences of time. Our subjective temporal distortions directly reflect the way our brain and body adapt to these multiple time scales.

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“…For example, individuals who have experienced a traumatic event (e.g., a car accident) report that time appeared to run more slowly than normal during the event (e.g., Anderson, Reis-Costa, & Misanin, 2007;Loftus, Schooler, Boone, & Kline, 1987). Similarly, novice skydivers overestimated the duration of their first jump, and the degree of their overestimation increased with their fear level (Campbell & Bryant, 2007). This raises the question of whether this distortion of the memory for duration of emotional events is specific to time or results from methodological artifacts in the studies that have been conducted to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal memory of emotional experience

2011

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The few studies that have investigated judgments of time have suggested that the memory of duration is distorted more for emotional events than for neutral events, while in contrast there is abundant evidence that other aspects of memories of emotional events are more accurate. To reconcile this apparent discrepancy, we used a procedure in which the participants learned a standard duration over several trials under three emotional conditions: a threatening, a nonthreatening, and a neutral control condition. They were then tested either immediately or 24 h after learning. In this test phase, they had to indicate whether presented comparison durations were or were not the same as the previously learned standard duration. We found that durations were recalled better in the emotional than in the neutral condition, and that this occurred to a greater extent in the threatening than in the nonthreatening condition. Arousing emotions thus enhanced temporal memory, just as they enhance memory for other aspects of emotional events.

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How time flies: A study of novice skydivers

Cited by 79 publications

References 8 publications

Time, Emotion and the Embodiment of Timing

Time, Emotion and the Embodiment of Timing

The time–emotion paradox

Temporal memory of emotional experience

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