How titanium and iron are integrated into hematite to enhance the photoelectrochemical water oxidation: a review

Abstract

Hematite has been considered as a promising photoanode candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation and attracted numerous interests in past decades. However, intrinsic drawbacks drastically lower its photocatalytic activity. Ti-based...

Hematite photoanodes for water splitting from directed assembly of Prussian blue onto CuO–Sb2O5–SnO2 ceramics

“…In the future, the microporous nature of Prussian blue might also allow controlled doping for example with metal cations. 60…”

Key modification strategies for the rational design of hematite to promote photoelectrochemical water oxidation: a review of recent advances

“…Heterojunctions are usually constructed with the following advantages: (1) enhancement of light absorption; (2) facilitation of photogenerated charge separation and transport; (3) prolongation of photogenerated carrier lifetime. 46–48…”

“…Heterojunctions are usually constructed with the following advantages: (1) enhancement of light absorption; (2) facilitation of photogenerated charge separation and transport; (3) prolongation of photogenerated carrier lifetime. [46][47][48] Heterojunctions constructed with hematite and metal oxides (TiO 2 /BiVO 4 /WO 3 , etc.) are very common in improving PEC performance.…”

CoMoO4-modified hematite with oxygen vacancies for high-efficiency solar water splitting

“…1–3 n-Type hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) has received widespread attention because of its unique properties: natural abundance, outstanding stability under alkaline environments, and suitable band gap (2.0–2.2 eV) with a theoretical maximum solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 16.8% at the high photocurrent density of 12.6 mA cm −2 . 4–7 Nevertheless, the PEC activity of hematite has been substantially limited due to its bad conductivity, significant photogenerated carrier recombination and slow water oxidation dynamics. 8,9…”

“…[1][2][3] n-Type hematite (a-Fe 2 O 3 ) has received widespread attention because of its unique properties: natural abundance, outstanding stability under alkaline environments, and suitable band gap (2.0-2.2 eV) with a theoretical maximum solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 16.8% at the high photocurrent density of 12.6 mA cm À2 . [4][5][6][7] Nevertheless, the PEC activity of hematite has been substantially limited due to its bad conductivity, significant photogenerated carrier recombination and slow water oxidation dynamics. 8,9 In order to overcome the above issues, diverse methods have been employed in the past, such as morphological control, 10 elemental doping, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] heterojunction construction, 12,19,20 and the loading of oxygen evolution catalysts.…”