Table of Contents 1. General Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Problem Statement 1.3. Objective, Research Questions, and Methods 2. Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Driving Forces and Relations within the Bioeconomy 2.3. Defining and Delimiting the Bioeconomy 2.4. Monitoring and Measuring the Bioeconomy 2.5. Conclusions 3. Full Speed Ahead or Floating Around? Dynamics of Selected Circular Bioeconomies in Europe 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Background 3.3. Data 3.4. Methodology 3.5. Results 3.6. Conclusions 4. Bioeconomy Real Options and Sustainability -Measuring the Contribution of EU Bioeconomies to Sustainable Development 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Conceptual Framework 4.3. Empirical Application 4.4. Discussion and Conclusion 5. The Development and Performances of the Novel Food Regulation in The CHAPTER 2 Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators 1