How to be a frugivore (in a changing world)

Corlett, Richard T.

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.005

Cited by 71 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Burung herbivora adalah jenis burung yang pakannya terutama berasal dari tumbuhan, seperti biji-bijian, kacang-kacangan (granivora) (Cueto et al 2006), daun-daunan, rumputrumputan, tunas (folivora) (RodriGuez-Ferraro et al 2007), buah-buahan (frugivora) (Corlett 2011;Plein et al 2013), nektar dan pollen (nektivora) (Ghadirian et al 2008) dan cairan tumbuhan (Zobrist 2014). McGrath et al (2009) menyatakan bahwa kelimpahan arthropoda dan bunga mempengaruhi kelimpahan burung.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengaruh kekayaan jenis tumbuhan sumber pakan terhadap keanekaragaman burung herbivora di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Sulawesi Selatan

Putri

2015

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia

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Abstrak. Putri IASLP. 2015. Pengaruh kekayaan jenis tumbuhan sumber pakan terhadap keanekaragaman burung herbivora di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung,. Ketersediaan pakan memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap komunitas burung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan pakan terhadap komunitas burung herbivora di kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung. Hubungan antara ketersediaan pakan dengan burung herbivora dilakukan dengan membandingkan keadaan komunitas burung pada empat tipe habitat yang berbeda yang memiliki kekayaan jenis pohon penghasil pakan burung yang berbeda, yaitu pada (i) habitat hutan primer-sekunder tua di zona inti, (ii) habitat zona rimba yang berupa hutan sekunder yang letaknya berbatasan dengan pemukiman penduduk, serta (iii) dua buah areal zona rehabilitasi yang berupa kawasan hutan yang merupakan bekas kebun masyarakat. Kedua areal zona rehabilitasi ini memiliki kekayaan jenis pohon yang berbeda. Pengumpulan data burung herbivora dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode point count. Pengumpulan data tumbuhan penghasil pakan burung dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode garis berpetak. Analisis data burung dilakukan dengan menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan jenis Pielou dan indeks dominasi Simpson. Beda nyata pada populasi burung yang dijumpai di lokasi penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kekayaan jenis tumbuhan penghasil pakan burung sangat berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman jenis burung, sehingga terdapat perbedaan nyata pada populasi burung yang dijumpai di lokasi penelitian. Pada kawasan hutan sekunder tua, yang menyediakan banyak pohon pakan, memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman hayati burung tertinggi. Pada zona rimba yang berupa hutan yang berbatasan langsung dengan pemukiman penduduk kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati burung herbivora tergolong sedang. Pada areal zona rehabilitasi, yang berupa bekas kebun masyarakat, keanekaragaman hayati burung bervariasi dari sedang hingga rendah. Bulusaraung National Park,. Feed availability is the most importance component that is affecting the bird community. The aim of this research was to determine the importance of feed availability to herbivorous bird community. The research was conducted by comparing the diversity of herbivorous bird at four sites with different feed plant abundance at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The first site was core zone with old-growth forest. The second site was wilderness zone with the secondary forest that bordering with community settlement. The third and the fourth sites were rehabilitation zone with abandoned community garden which differs in the composition of vegetation. The population of birds was collected using point count method and the feed plant species was collected using systematic quadrat sampling method. Data of bird population was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou Evenness index and Simpson dominance index. The significance different between t...

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengaruh kekayaan jenis tumbuhan sumber pakan terhadap keanekaragaman burung herbivora di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Sulawesi Selatan

Putri

2015

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia

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“…In their natural habitat, frugivorous animals are exposed to a variety of fruit, which differs in ripeness (Corlett, 2011). They typically consume ripe fruit but may also feed on unripe or over-ripe fruit depending on abundance and detectability (Foster, 1977;Lasa et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding on ripening and over-ripening fruit: interactions between sugar, ethanol and polyphenol contents in a tropical butterfly

Beaulieu

Franke

Fischer

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In ripe fruit, energy mostly derives from sugar, while in over-ripe fruit, it also comes from ethanol. Such ripeness differences may alter the fitness benefits associated with frugivory if animals are unable to degrade ethanol when consuming over-ripe fruit. In the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana, we found that females consuming isocaloric solutions mimicking ripe (20% sucrose) and over-ripe fruit (10% sucrose, 7% ethanol) of the palm Astrocaryum standleyanum exhibited higher fecundity than females consuming a solution mimicking unripe fruit (10% sucrose). Moreover, relative to butterflies consuming a solution mimicking unripe fruit, survival was enhanced when butterflies consumed a solution mimicking either ripe fruit supplemented with polyphenols (fruit antioxidant compounds) or over-ripe fruit devoid of polyphenols. This suggests that (1) butterflies have evolved tolerance mechanisms to derive the same reproductive benefits from ethanol and sugar, and (2) polyphenols may regulate the allocation of sugar and ethanol to maintenance mechanisms. However, variation in fitness owing to the composition of feeding solutions was not paralleled by corresponding physiological changes (alcohol dehydrogenase activity, oxidative status) in butterflies. The fitness proxies and physiological parameters that we measured therefore appear to reflect distinct biological pathways. Overall, our results highlight that the energy content of fruit primarily affects the fecundity of B. anynana butterflies, while the effects of fruit consumption on survival are more complex and vary depending on ripening stage and polyphenol presence. The actual underlying physiological mechanisms linking fruit ripeness and fitness components remain to be clarified.

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“…A fuller understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the behaviour of frugivores will bring new insight and help build more reliable predictions of seed dispersal by endozoochory (Corlett 2011;Cousens et al 2010) in stable and changing environments, ultimately allowing us to better predict the consequences of change for plant population dynamics (Robledo-Arnuncio et al 2014). Here we have provided evidence that animal memory has the potential to influence many aspects of seed dispersal, including the number of seeds dispersed, the distance to which they are taken, the locations where they are deposited and the relative dispersal of two competing species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant ecology meets animal cognition: impacts of animal memory on seed dispersal

et al. 2016

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We propose that an understanding of animal learning and memory is critical to predicting the impacts of animals on plant populations through processes such as seed dispersal, pollination and herbivory. Focussing on endozoochory, we review the evidence that animal memory plays a role in seed dispersal, and present a model which allows us to explore the fundamental consequences of memory for this process. We demonstrate that decision-making by animals based on their previous experiences has the potential to determine which plants are visited, which fruits are selected to be eaten from the plant and where seeds are subsequently deposited, as well as being an important determinant of animal survival. Collectively, these results suggest that the impact of animal learning and memory on seed dispersal is likely to be extremely important, although to date our understanding of these processes suffers from a conspicuous lack of empirical support. This is partly because of the difficulty of conducting appropriate experiments but is also the result of limited interaction between plant ecologists and those who work on animal cognition.We believe that an improved understanding of the effects of animal memory in endozoochorous interactions will allow better prediction of the impacts of ecosystem changes such as habitat fragmentation, introductions of novel species of plants and animals and reintroductions of animal populations to areas from which they have been extirpated, and hope that the ideas we put forward here provide an impetus for further work in this area.

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How to be a frugivore (in a changing world)

Cited by 71 publications

References 103 publications

Pengaruh kekayaan jenis tumbuhan sumber pakan terhadap keanekaragaman burung herbivora di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Sulawesi Selatan

Pengaruh kekayaan jenis tumbuhan sumber pakan terhadap keanekaragaman burung herbivora di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Sulawesi Selatan

Feeding on ripening and over-ripening fruit: interactions between sugar, ethanol and polyphenol contents in a tropical butterfly

Plant ecology meets animal cognition: impacts of animal memory on seed dispersal

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