How to be Critically Open-Minded — A Psychological and Historical Analysis

Lambie, John

doi:10.1057/9781137301055

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, it takes not only the ability to think analytically, but also the ability to detach from one's own perspective and see things from a different perspective. This was termed as critical open-mindedness by Lambie (2014). Future researchers are expected to investigate open-minded thinking ability in terms of its role in reducing bias toward media content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partisan Selective Exposure to Fake News Content

Ardi¹

2019

Makara Hubs-Asia

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Selective exposure to political news in social media in Indonesia is escalating along with the increasing polarization of Indonesian people. This research aims to investigate: 1) differences in selective exposure to fake news content among incumbent and opposition supporters; 2) the association between critical thinking ability and partisans' selective exposure. Repeated measures design was employed as the experiment design. Respondents were student activists of extra-campus organizations with particular political ideologies, who have pro-incumbent or pro-opposition preference. Seventy-one respondents were recruited, consisting of 34 incumbent (Jokowi) supporters and 37 opposition (Prabowo) supporters. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, a paired sample t-test, and correlational analysis. Results show that the opposition side was more inclined to demonstrate selective exposure by believing in fake news about their political enemy, compared to the incumbent supporters. This is shown by their tendency to believe and spread discrediting news about their political opponents rather than doing so for news which discredits their side. No association between critical thinking and partisan selective exposure was found. The implication of these results is that the critical point in debiasing is not necessarily predicated merely on analytical thinking ability but might also rest on one's ability to think open-mindedly. Selective Exposure Partisan pada Konten-konten Berita Palsu Abstrak Fenomena terjadinya selective exposure atas berita-berita politik di media sosial di Indonesia semakin menguat seiring tajamnya polarisasi di antara masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi: 1) perbedaan selective exposure atas konten berita palsu pada pendukung presiden petahana dan oposisi; 2) asosiasi antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan selective exposure pada partisan pendukung kandidat presiden. Repeated measures design digunakan sebagai desain eksperimen. Responden merupakan aktivis organisasi mahasiswa ekstra kampus yang memiliki ideologi politik tertentu dan memiliki preferensi pro terhadap petahana atau pro terhadap oposisi. Didapatkan 71 responden yang terdiri dari 34 pendukung petahana (Jokowi) dan 37 pendukung oposisi (Prabowo). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan independent t-test, paired sample t-test, dan analisis korelasi. Hasil analisis data mengindikasikan pendukung oposisi cenderung menunjukkan adanya selective exposure dengan mempercayai berita palsu atas lawan politik dibandingkan pada kubu pendukung petahana. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tendensi untuk percaya dan menyebarkan berita yang mendiskreditkan lawan politiknya dibandingkan dengan berita yang mendiskreditkan kubu yang didukungnya. Tidak terdapat asosiasi antara berpikir kritis dengan selective exposure pada partisan. Implikasi hasil ini adalah titik kritis pada debiasing bukan semata pada kemampuan berpikir analitik namun dimungkinkan pada kemampuan berpikir secara lebih terbuka.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partisan Selective Exposure to Fake News Content

Ardi¹

2019

Makara Hubs-Asia

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“…As Tirman () pointed out with respect to indifference to civilian casualties in U.S. conflicts, this type of discourse makes the next round of conflict easier to start and justify. Studies have shown that leaders who make statements with higher levels of “integrative complexity” (i.e., which acknowledge more than one viewpoint) are more likely to achieve peaceful outcomes in conflict situations (Lambie, ). If supporters of Israel accept the narrative seen here, where Israeli involvement in suffering is erased and Hamas are held to blame for everything, it makes it harder to understand why Palestinians might feel angry and harder to accept the concessions necessary in peace negotiations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language and Civilian Deaths: Denying Responsibility for Casualties in the Gaza Conflict 2014

Finlay

2017

Political Psychology

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The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that 1,462 civilians were killed in Gaza, and six civilians were killed in Israel during the conflict of 2104. This article uses discursive psychology to examine how Israeli spokespeople described the conflict, and Israel's actions, in ways that denied responsibility for civilian deaths. They did this using a number of discursive strategies. These included: (1) using passive and noun constructions which minimized reference to civilian deaths and erased Israeli involvement in those deaths; (2) repeatedly naming and providing details of Hamas weapons and attacks while avoiding reference to Israeli weapons and violence; (3) presenting Israel as only trying to avoid civilian deaths; and (4) describing Hamas as responsible for all deaths. These types of linguistic constructions allow governments and potential supporters to avoid acknowledging the consequences of their military actions and is one way that the virtuous nature of the ingroup is reinforced in political discourse.

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“…Workshop 5, titled "Thinking Things Through," focuses on critical open-mindedness (Lambie 2014) and focuses on stimulating open-mindedness and critical thinking skills. More specifically, this workshop aims to tackle intergroup conflict and the "Us vs.…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radicalization Prevention by Means of Strengthening Social and Civic Competences

Skład

Park

Venrooij

et al. 2020

Contemp School Psychol

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This study evaluates the effects and reception of the Universal Curriculum Against Radicalization in Europe: an intervention aimed at preventing radicalization trough fostering social and civic competences and disrupting mechanisms involved in radicalization. A total of 191 Dutch secondary school students received the curriculum. The effects were assessed by contrasting the intervention and comparison groups. The curriculum was positively received by both teachers and students. Participants in the intervention group improved significantly more than the comparison group on the majority of measured outcomes: mindfulness, conflict resolution, assertiveness, (multiple) identity awareness, political self-efficacy, awareness of group pressure, critical open-mindedness, and perspective taking. Results suggest that the UCARE curriculum fosters skills and competences indicated to have preventive potential against radicalization.

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How to be Critically Open-Minded — A Psychological and Historical Analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Partisan Selective Exposure to Fake News Content

Partisan Selective Exposure to Fake News Content

Language and Civilian Deaths: Denying Responsibility for Casualties in the Gaza Conflict 2014

Radicalization Prevention by Means of Strengthening Social and Civic Competences

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