How to calculate phase diagrams for microemulsions — a simple rule

Phase Behavior and Microstructure of C12E5Nonionic Microemulsions with Chlorinated Oils

“…The samples were prepared by weight at room temperature and later converted to volume using their respective densities. Accordingly, the following density values (g/cm 3 as determined by densitometry) were used: C 12 E 5 , 0.967; water, 0.9980; C 8 −Cl, 0.875; C 10 −Cl, 0.868; C 12 −Cl, 0.867; C 14 −Cl, 0.859; and C 16 −Cl, 0.860. Appropriate amounts of C 12 E 5 , water, and the respective 1-chloroalkane were accurately weighed into screw-capped glass vials and mixed thoroughly using a vortex mixer for complete homogenization.…”

“…At low temperature ( T < T L ) and intermediate surfactant concentration, the mixture forms an oil-in-water microemulsion that is in equilibrium with the excess oil phase (L 1 + O phase) whereas at high temperature ( T > T U ) the surfactant-rich oil phase coexists with an excess water phase. These two cases are denoted by 2̄ and, respectively, and the corresponding boundaries are also called the water emulsification boundary (web) and oil emulsification boundary (oeb), respectively . Between these two temperature regions ( T L < T < T U ), a water excess, an oil excess, and a surfactant-rich phase coexist.…”

“…These two cases are denoted by 2 h and 2, respectively, and the corresponding boundaries are also called the water emulsification boundary (web) and oil emulsification boundary (oeb), respectively. 32 Between these two temperature regions (T L < T < T U ), a water excess, an oil excess, and a surfactantrich phase coexist. This is denoted by 3.…”

Thermally Driven Self‐Assembly of Nanomicelles: A Facile Route to Functional Monodisperse Mesoporous Colloidal Nanocomposites of Inorganic Nature and Mesoscale Size

“…There exists a vast amount of experimental evidence that the thermal destabilization produced when increasing the temperature in microemulsions leads to a biphasic system (Windsor) consisting of an upper oily water‐in‐oil phase in equilibrium with an aqueous phase 32. However, we found that in microemulsions prepared with non‐ionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ethers) in which the aqueous component of nanomicelles contains at least a divalent cation, experimental conditions exist whereby the thermally driven destabilization of nanomicelles occurs through the formation of intermediate self‐assembled nanomicellar structures 31.…”