How to Create New Subduction Zones: A Global Perspective

Arculus, R. J.; Gurnis, Michael; Ishizuka, Osamu; Reagan, Mark K.; Pearce, Julian A.; Sutherland, Rupert

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2019.140

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…In both cases, the basalts are overlain by boninites with Ar‐Ar ages of 48–44 Ma (Ishizuka et al, ). These ages are corroborated by the ages of the basement (mean of Ar‐Ar ages being 48.1 Ma Ishizuka et al, ) upon which the new arc formed, but, if that basement formation leads to subduction initiation or was a consequence of initiation, remains unclear (Arculus et al, ; Leng & Gurnis, ). As the Bonin and the southern Mariana sections were only about 500 km apart, along strike, when they formed (Leng & Gurnis, ) and the ages for the volcanic stratigraphy are close and overlap, we have adopted a single age range of 52 to 48 Ma for the Izu‐Bonin‐Marianas subduction initiation event.…”

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Although diagnostic of geodynamic processes, this important parameter has been ignored in the decades because of perceived difficulties and uncertainties constraining the duration of subduction. Given the past demonstration that it is a key control on the geodynamics of subduction combined with a resurgence of observational work on subduction initiation (Arculus et al, ; Gurnis et al, ; Hall, ), returning duration of subduction to the multivariate analysis of subduction parameters is warranted.…”

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between the duration of subduction and arc age could be as long as about 15 Myr or as short as a few Myr, as shown by well‐constrained Cenozoic subduction initiation events. For example, for the actively initiating Puysegur subduction zone, the duration between the onset of compression and volcanism may be 8–16 Myr (Sutherland et al, ), while for the well‐known Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana system, it is likely to be only several million years based on comparing the volcanic stratigraphy of the inner trench wall with events that occurred just behind the nascent arc (Arculus et al, ). Arc age will be one of the means by which we will constrain subduction duration.…”

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subduction Duration and Slab Dip

Gurnis

2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The dip angles of slabs are among the clearest characteristics of subduction zones, but the factors that control them remain obscure. Here, slab dip angles and subduction parameters, including subduction duration, the nature of the overriding plate, slab age, and convergence rate, are determined for 153 transects along subduction zones for the present day. We present a comprehensive tabulation of subduction duration based on isotopic ages of arc initiation and stratigraphic, structural, plate tectonic and seismic indicators of subduction initiation. We present two ages for subduction zones, a long-term age and a reinitiation age. Using cross correlation and multivariate regression, we find that (1) subduction duration is the primary parameter controlling slab dips with slabs tending to have shallower dips at subduction zones that have been in existence longer; (2) the long-term age of subduction duration better explains variation of shallow dip than reinitiation age; (3) overriding plate nature could influence shallow dip angle, where slabs below continents tend to have shallower dips; (4) slab age contributes to slab dip, with younger slabs having steeper shallow dips; and (5) the relations between slab dip and subduction parameters are depth dependent, where the ability of subduction duration and overriding plate nature to explain observed variation decreases with depth. The analysis emphasizes the importance of subduction history and the long-term regional state of a subduction zone in determining slab dip and is consistent with mechanical models of subduction.

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Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subduction Duration and Slab Dip

Gurnis

2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…On the other hand, the geological records for SI are even more complex (Guilmette et al, ; Hall, ; Pandey et al, ; Parlak et al, ; Patriat et al, ; Searle, ; Stern, ; Stern et al, ). The emplacement of magmatic rock is generally later, by several million years, than the exact time of SI (Arculus et al, ; Hall, ; Shervais et al, ). Thus, the timing of SI may be delayed according to the magmatic records.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subduction Initiation During Collision‐Induced Subduction Transference: Numerical Modeling and Implications for the Tethyan Evolution

Zhong

2020

JGR Solid Earth

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The collision‐induced subduction transference is a composite dynamic process including both the terrane collision/accretion and the subduction initiation (SI) at the neighboring passive margin. This process occurred repeatedly during the evolution of Tethyan systems, with multiple ribbon‐like continents or microcontinents drifting from Gondwana in the southern hemisphere and accreting to the Eurasian continent since Paleozoic. In the previous numerical studies, the dynamics of terrane collision and induced SI are investigated individually, which however need to be integrated to study the controlling factors and time scales of collision‐induced subduction transference. Systematic numerical models are conducted with variable properties of converging plates and different boundary conditions. The model results indicate that the forced convergence, rather than pure free subduction, is required to trigger and sustain the SI at the neighboring passive margin after terrane collision. In addition, a weak passive margin can significantly promote the occurrence of SI, by decreasing the required boundary force to reasonable value of plate tectonics. The lengths of subducted oceanic slab and accreting terrane play secondary roles in the occurrence of SI after collision. Under the favorable conditions of collision‐induced subduction transference, the time required for SI after collision is generally short within 10 Myr, which is consistent with the general geological records of Cimmerian collision and the following Neo‐Tethyan SI. In contrast, the stable Indian passive margin and absence of SI in the present Indian Ocean may be due to the low convergent force and/or the lack of proper weak zones, which remains an open question.

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“…This convergent margin is the type locality for modern studies of subduction initiation (SI; Stern & Gerya, 2018). Evidence for how the IBM convergent margin formed is preserved in forearc crust, generated when old Pacific oceanic lithosphere began to founder next to young oceanic lithosphere of what is now the western Philippine Sea plate (Arculus et al, 2019; Zhou et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glimpses of oceanic lithosphere of the Challenger Deep forearc segment in the southernmost Marianas: The 143°E transect, 5800–4200 m

et al. 2020

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We studied nine samples of igneous rocks from the inner wall of the Mariana Trench above the Challenger Deep from 4150 to 6100 m depth recovered by manned submersible and ROV. Samples from two regions that bracket the Moho were studied: (i) 7 samples from a N-S transect a few km to the west of the Shinkai Seep Field; and (ii) 2 samples from the Shinkai Seep Field. Transect samples include olivine-2 pyrox

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How to Create New Subduction Zones: A Global Perspective

Cited by 41 publications

References 103 publications

Subduction Duration and Slab Dip

Subduction Duration and Slab Dip

Subduction Initiation During Collision‐Induced Subduction Transference: Numerical Modeling and Implications for the Tethyan Evolution

Glimpses of oceanic lithosphere of the Challenger Deep forearc segment in the southernmost Marianas: The 143°E transect, 5800–4200 m

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