How to define (net) zero greenhouse gas emissions buildings: The results of an international survey as part of IEA EBC annex 72

Satoła, Daniel; Balouktsi, Maria; Lützkendorf, Thomas; Wiberg, Aoife Anne Marie Houlihan; Gustavsen, Arild

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107619

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In relation to the life cycle model, the determination of GHG emissions associated with a building's life cycle usually includes two parts-an operational part and an embodied part. Based on the modular framework provided by the ISO/TC 59/SC 17 and CEN TC 350 standards to maps the environmental information according to buildings' life cycle stages (A-C and D) (see [17] for an overview of the new structure) the operational part corresponds to module B6. When it comes to the services included under B6, the minimum scope is to focus on regulated building-related energy use (B6.1).…”

Section: General Aspects For All Kinds Of Benchmarks: Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also reduces the systematic deviations between the calculated energy needs and the real consumption measurement. In the case of B7 (operational water) and B8 (mobility), these have been rarely included in net zero approaches up to now [17]. All these variations in life cycle scope and their effect on creating benchmarks make clear descriptions necessary.…”

Section: General Aspects For All Kinds Of Benchmarks: Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Net zero emission buildings: next generation of benchmarks and calculation rules

Balouktsi

Lützkendorf

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The definition of ambitious life cycle-based benchmarks and target values to limit the GHG emissions of buildings is seen as one of the most important steps in pushing the construction and real estate sector in significantly reducing its contribution to global warming. Especially target values are no longer only developed from a bottom-up perspective. There is now an interest by governments and sustainability assessment system providers in supplementing bottom-up approaches with science-based top-down approaches as part of their responsibility to respect planetary boundaries. The creation of GHG emission budgets in combination with target values, as well as the introduction of strict enough legal binding requirements already today is critical for achieving a climate-neutral building stock. Achieving these tasks requires tackling still open methodological issues. Following the work of IEA EBC Annex 72 and current developments in Germany, the paper presents main questions, key steps, modelling aspects that can cause variation and uncertainties, as well as clarifies key terms and definitions. It is highlighted that although a net zero emission requirement is a universal benchmark, information on system boundaries and calculation rules are still necessary to provide evidence of its fulfilment.

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Section: General Aspects For All Kinds Of Benchmarks: Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Aspects For All Kinds Of Benchmarks: Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net zero emission buildings: next generation of benchmarks and calculation rules

Balouktsi

Lützkendorf

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Since no official definition for CNB/ZCB is already internationally agreed upon, and since there are no clear requirements to be fulfilled to reach carbon neutrality in buildings, countries and companies are referring to quite different definitions, criteria, and guidelines. Therefore, a series of terms sharing similar meanings can be found in the literature [13,26,27]. As an attempt to review the CNB/ZCB definitions, Table 1 reports those containing the terms "carbon" or "emission", such as "Zero emissions building", "Zero carbon home", etc.…”

Section: Zero-carbon and Carbon-neutral Building Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Nearly Zero Energy to Carbon-Neutral: Case Study of a Hospitality Building

2021

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In recent years, many cities around the world have pledged to upgrade their building stocks to carbon-neutral. However, the literature does not yet provide a shared definition of carbon-neutral building (CNB), and the assessment objectives and methodological approaches are vague and fragmented. Starting from the available standards and scientific literature on life cycle assessment (LCA), this paper advances an operational definition for CNB on the basis of an explicit calculation approach. It then applies the definition to an urban case study, comparing it against a state-of-the-art nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) scenario, with the intent of highlighting the major practical limitations connected to the application of a methodologically sound carbon neutrality calculation. The case study shows that carbon neutral objectives can hardly be achieved by single urban buildings because of the lack of spaces that can provide onsite carbon offsetting actions. Carbon neutrality may be better approached at the city, regional, or national scales, where overarching policies may be defined.

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“…Some studies attempted to align the design of buildings with the intermediate goals of the Paris Agreement [10,11], 2 of 24 and many papers report advances in zero-GHG buildings, including climate-neutral [12], carbon-neutral [13], and zero-emission [14][15][16] buildings. The various definitions and approaches were discussed at the 71st LCA Forum in 2019 [17] and recently summarized by Satola et al [18], who analyzed the definitions and their respective emission performance targets. In the Nordic countries, GHG limits are already being introduced into building standards [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Czech Building Stock: Renovation Wave Scenarios and Potential for CO2 Savings until 2050

Lupíšek

Trubačík²,

Holub³

2021

Energies

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One of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases is the operation of building stock. Improving its energy efficiency has the potential to significantly contribute to achieving climate change mitigation targets. The purpose of this study was to roughly estimate such potential for the operation of the national building stock of Czechia to steer the national debate on the development of related national plans. The estimation is based on a simplified energy model of the Czech building stock that consists of sub-models of residential and nonresidential building stocks, for which their future energy consumptions, shares of energy carriers and sources, and emission factors were modeled in four scenarios. Uncertainties from the approximation of the emission factors were investigated in a sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the operation of the Czech building stock in 2016 totaled 36.9 Mt CO2, which represented 34.6% of the total national carbon dioxide emissions. The four building stock scenarios could produce reductions in the carbon dioxide emissions of between 28% and 93% by 2050, when also considering on-side production from photovoltaics. The implementation of the most ambitious scenario would represent a drop in national CO2 yearly emissions by 43.2% by 2050 (compared to 2016).

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How to define (net) zero greenhouse gas emissions buildings: The results of an international survey as part of IEA EBC annex 72

Cited by 55 publications

References 31 publications

Net zero emission buildings: next generation of benchmarks and calculation rules

Net zero emission buildings: next generation of benchmarks and calculation rules

From Nearly Zero Energy to Carbon-Neutral: Case Study of a Hospitality Building

Czech Building Stock: Renovation Wave Scenarios and Potential for CO2 Savings until 2050

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