How to design and construct a 3D-printed human head phantom

Wood, Sossena; Martins, Tiago; Ibrahim, Tamer S.

doi:10.2217/3dp-2019-0016

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In summary, the phantom was designed from a 3 T MRI dataset of a healthy volunteer. The fillable compartments of the phantom were segmented in iSeg and the 3D reconstruction of the tissues and compartments in Table 1 is shown in Figure 1 of Reference 58. Computer‐aided design was used to render the phantom and modify the print of the head phantom model in order to fit the build volume of the 3D printer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive electromagnetic evaluation of an MRI anthropomorphic head phantom

et al. 2020

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Electromagnetic simulations are an important tool for the safety assessment of RF coils. They are a useful resource for MRI RF coil designers, especially when complemented with experimental measurements and testing using physical phantoms. Regular‐shaped (spherical/cylindrical) homogeneous phantoms are the MRI standard for RF testing but are somewhat inaccurate when compared with anthropomorphic anatomies, especially at high frequencies. In this work, using a recently developed anthropomorphic heterogeneous human head phantom, studies were performed to analyze the scattering parameters (S‐parameters) and the electric and magnetic field distributions using (1) the B1+ field mapping method on a 7 T human MRI scanner and (2) numerical full‐wave electromagnetic simulations. All studies used the following: a recently developed six‐compartment refillable 3D‐printed anthropomorphic head phantom (developed from MRI scans obtained in vivo), where the phantom itself is filled in its entirety with either heterogeneous loading, or homogeneous brain or water loading, in vivo imaging, and a commercial homogeneous spherical water phantom. Our results determined that the calculated S‐parameters for all the anthropomorphic head phantom models were comparable to the model that is based on the volunteer (within 17% difference of the reflection coefficient value) but differed for the commercial homogeneous spherical water phantom (within 45% difference). The experimentally measured B1+ field maps of the anthropomorphic heterogeneous and homogeneous brain head phantoms were most comparable to the in vivo measured values. The numerical simulations also show that both the anthropomorphic homogeneous water and brain phantom models were less accurate in terms of electric field intensities/distributions when compared with the segmented in‐vivo‐based head model and the anthropomorphic heterogeneous head phantom model. The presented data highlights the differences between the physical phantoms/phantom models, and the in vivo measurements/segmented in‐vivo‐based head model. The results demonstrate the usefulness of 3D‐printed anthropomorphic phantoms for RF coil evaluation and testing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive electromagnetic evaluation of an MRI anthropomorphic head phantom

et al. 2020

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“…Wood et al. [ 18 ] proposed a method of developing a head model based on in vivo imaging data obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, the detail and accuracy of the model anatomy were analyzed.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of open web platform based on 3D head model for product adaptability analysis and evaluation

Deng

Lee

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…Since 2013, there has been a significant increase in research focused on anthropomorphic simulators. 20 This growth can be attributed to the widespread adoption of additive manufacturing technologies. Among the AM processes used to manufacture simulators, the material extrusion processes, popularly known as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and vat photopolymerization methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2013, there has been a significant increase in research focused on anthropomorphic simulators 20 . This growth can be attributed to the widespread adoption of additive manufacturing technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, pure conventional polymers have disadvantages in imitating bone tissue since they do not have a Hounsfield Unit (HU) compatible with these tissues, which are much closer to soft tissues 31 . On the other hand, simulators fabricated using these technologies offer a cost‐effective approach and enable safe testing by closely mimicking human anatomy 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene‐based composites for the manufacture of anthropomorphic simulators

Thomazi,

Roman,

Vanni

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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The development of functional compounds for extrusion applied in the additive manufacturing of anthropomorphic simulators is interesting, as it guarantees the manufacture of a 3D model similar to the patient. These simulators find applications in therapies or laboratory tests involving x‐rays. In order to replicate human conditions in these tests, it is essential to create materials that closely match the properties of human tissue, including the smoothness of soft tissues and the hardness of the bone tissue. This study developed ceramic‐polymeric composites, where the tomography intensity of each mixture was measured experimentally. Combinations of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with zirconium oxide and basic bismuth carbonate allowed imitation of bone tissue. The samples containing zirconium oxide and basic bismuth carbonate presented results that exceeded the minimum limit and reached a value close to 2000 Hounsfield units (HU) with 12% basic bismuth carbonate content. Combinations of ABS with hydroxyapatite and aluminum oxide can imitate soft tissues. The use of a surfactant facilitated the mixing of ceramic filler with polymer. Finally, 3D printing of a physical model was performed using a dual extruder printer, allowing simultaneous printing of bone and soft tissue components.Highlights Material mimicking x‐ray attenuation similar to bone tissue. Relation between 3D printing porosity and intensity in Hounsfield unit. Computed tomography tests on a 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom. Creating a 3D model from a Computed Tomography scan. Double extruder for 3D printing of two tissue simultaneously.

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How to design and construct a 3D-printed human head phantom

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

A comprehensive electromagnetic evaluation of an MRI anthropomorphic head phantom

A comprehensive electromagnetic evaluation of an MRI anthropomorphic head phantom

Establishment of open web platform based on 3D head model for product adaptability analysis and evaluation

Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene‐based composites for the manufacture of anthropomorphic simulators

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