How to Establish an Adequate System for Eye Lens Dose Monitoring: A Proposal for Typical Workplaces

Kollaard, Robert; Carinou, E.; Ginjaume, M.; Struelens, Lara

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz009

Cited by 3 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Beta Emean (keV) Gamma keV (%) The International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) guidelines on eye lens dose monitoring [10] state that monitoring of the beta radiation dose contribution to the eye lens (Hp(3)) for isotopes with maximum energies >700 keV may be required if the shielding used is not sufficient to absorb the beta radiation completely. Beta particles with maximum energies in excess of 700 keV can penetrate the lens of the eye resulting in an exposure.…”

Section: Isotope Half-life (Min) Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature has reported Monte Carlo simulations of skin dose rates (Hp(0.07)) and deep dose rates (Hp (10)) for various situations where an operator is in direct contact or distant from some unshielded PET radionuclide sources [11,12]. However, to date, skin, eye and deep doses from shielded PET radionuclide syringe sources have not yet been described.…”

Section: Isotope Half-life (Min) Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to date, skin, eye and deep doses from shielded PET radionuclide syringe sources have not yet been described. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to address some of these gaps by establishing, through Monte Carlo simulation and experimental measurement, Hp(0.07), Hp (10) and Hp(3) doses received from shielded and unshielded syringes containing a range of PET radionuclides. As this study specifically assesses the radiation exposure from positron-emitting radionuclide solutions in syringes, the results are primarily relevant during dispensing and administration tasks.…”

Section: Isotope Half-life (Min) Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occupational doses in the form of skin dose (Hp(0.07)) and deep dose (Hp (10)) are typically monitored for PET and nuclear medicine personnel [7]. In order to reduce occupational exposure, the use of commercially available syringe shields is recommended [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of occupational exposure from shielded and unshielded syringes for clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) isotopes—a Monte Carlo approach using EGSnrc

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

18F has been the most widely used radionuclide in positron emission tomography (PET) facilities over the last few decades. However, increased interest in novel PET tracers, theranostics and immuno-PET has led to significant growth in clinically used positron-emitting radionuclides. The decay schemes of each of these radioisotopes are markedly different from 18F, with different endpoint energies for the emitted positrons and, in some cases, additional high energy gamma radiation. This has implications for the occupational exposure of personnel involved in the manipulation and dispensing of PET radiopharmaceuticals. The EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation software was used to estimate the doses to extremities in contact with unshielded and shielded syringes containing 64Cu, 18F, 11C, 13N, 15O, 68Ga and 89Zr, respectively. Dose rates at various distances from the syringe were also modelled, with dose rates reported in terms of eye (Hp(3)), skin equivalent (Hp(0.07)) and deep (Hp(10)) doses. The composition and geometry of the simulated syringe shields were based on a selection of commercially available PET shields. Experimental dose rate measurements were performed for validation purposes where possible. Contact skin dose rates for all isotopes, except for 64Cu, were found to be higher than 18F for the unshielded syringe. The addition of a shield resulted in approximately equal contact skin dose rates for nearly all isotopes, for each shield type, with the exception of 89Zr which was notably higher. Dose rate constants (µGy/MBq.hr) for a range of PET isotopes and shields are presented and their significance discussed.

show abstract

Section: Isotope Half-life (Min) Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isotope Half-life (Min) Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isotope Half-life (Min) Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of occupational exposure from shielded and unshielded syringes for clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) isotopes—a Monte Carlo approach using EGSnrc

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One limitation of this study was that exposure should have been measured with a 3-mm equivalent dose, but in this study the air kerma value was measured. In previous studies, 3 mm or 0.07 mm was recommended for IR using x rays, so it seems that evaluation by air kerma does not significantly affect the results (Kollaard et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Radiation Protection Methods for Assistant Staff during CT Imaging in High-energy Trauma: Lens Dosimetry with a Phantom Study

Ota¹,

Yokota

Kawasaki

et al. 2021

Health Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staff are exposed to radiation in the scanning room when assisting with CT scans of patients requiring ventilatory support during procedures. We measured lens doses using a phantom during a high-energy trauma protocol. Dosimetry showed that the unprotected lens received 2.02 mGy on the right and 1.91 mGy on the left, which are not negligible doses. Respective exposures to the right and left lens were 53.6% and 55.1% when wearing 0.07 mm Pb protective glasses with side covers; 53.7% and 64.2% when wearing 0.7 mm Pb glasses without side covers when facing away from the patient couch; and 92.1% and 91.2% using protective shielding in the gantry. Since the face direction may change during assistance with CT imaging, it is desirable that the protective glasses have a shape with a side cover. The protective shielding had a major radiation reduction effect, although it is expensive to acquire, install, and maintain.

show abstract

Current status of eye-lens dosimetry in Canada

Dubeau¹,

Sun²,

Djeffal³

et al. 2022

J. Radiol. Prot.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For occupational exposures in planned exposure situations International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication 118 recommends an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye of 20 mSv yr−1 averaged over five years with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. This constitutes a reduction from the previous limit of 150 mSv yr−1. The Canadian nuclear regulator, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, responded to the ICRP recommendation by initiating amendments to the Radiation Protection Regulations through a discussion paper which was published for comment by interested stakeholders in 2013. The revised equivalent dose limit of 50 mSv in a one-year dosimetry period for nuclear energy workers came into effect in January 2021. This paper presents the outcome of discussions with Canadian stakeholders in diverse fields of radiological work which focused on the implementation of the reduced occupational equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye in their respective workplaces. These exchanges highlighted the existing practices for monitoring doses to the lens of the eye and identified current technological gaps. The exchanges also identified that, in many cases, the lens of the eye dose is anticipated to be well within the new dose limit despite some of the gaps in technology. The paper also presents the monitoring and eye-lens dose assessment solutions that are available based on different methods for eye-lens monitoring; presented together with criteria for their use.

show abstract

How to Establish an Adequate System for Eye Lens Dose Monitoring: A Proposal for Typical Workplaces

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of occupational exposure from shielded and unshielded syringes for clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) isotopes—a Monte Carlo approach using EGSnrc

Assessment of occupational exposure from shielded and unshielded syringes for clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) isotopes—a Monte Carlo approach using EGSnrc

Evaluation of Radiation Protection Methods for Assistant Staff during CT Imaging in High-energy Trauma: Lens Dosimetry with a Phantom Study

Current status of eye-lens dosimetry in Canada

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About