How to evaluate methods used in chemical laboratories in terms of the total chemical risk? – a ChlorTox Scale

Nowak, Paweł Mateusz; Wietecha‐Posłuszny, Renata; Płotka‐Wasylka, Justyna

doi:10.1016/j.greeac.2023.100056

Cited by 57 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Numerous approaches are reported for the greenness measurement of analytical assays. − However, AGREE approach exclusively considers all twelve GAC principles for greenness measurement. , Hence, the greenness scores of both methods were measured by “AGREE: The Analytical Greenness Calculator (version 0.5, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland, 2020)”. In order to confirm the AGREE results, the ChlorTox method was also used to determine the greenness of both methods Figure displays a typical diagram for the AGREE score of NP-HPTLC and RP-HPTLC assays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AGREE scores in the range from 0.0 to 1.0 for NP-HPTLC and RP-HPTLC assays, were recorded using “AGREE: The Analytical Greenness Calculator (version 0.5, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland, 2020)”. In order to confirm the AGREE findings, the ChlorTox method was also used to determine the greenness of both methods . According to ChlorTox method, the ChlorTox value is calculated using the following equation ChlorTox = CH sub CH CHCl 3 × normalm sub where CH sub is the chemical hazard of the substance of interest, CH CHCl3 is the chemical hazard of standard CHCl 3 , and m sub is the mass of the substance of interest required for the single analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, no PMD measurement was performed by high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) assays. The greenness indices of analytical procedures have been measured using a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods. − Only the “Analytical GREENness (AGREE)” approach takes into account all 12 principles of “green analytical chemistry (GAC)” for the prediction of greenness score. , The greenness scores of the current HPTLC experiments were therefore calculated by considering all 12 GAC principles using the AGREE method. , In order to confirm the greenness results by AGREE method, the chloroform-oriented toxicity estimation Scale (ChlorTox scale) method was applied additionally to measure the greenness of the present methods . The objective of the current work was to develop and validate a reversed-phase HPTLC (RP-HPTLC) method for measuring PMD in commercial capsules that was more precise, accurate, sensitive, robust, and eco-friendly than the conventional normal-phase HPTLC (NP-HPTLC) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantification of Pomalidomide Using Conventional and Eco-Friendly Stability-Indicating HPTLC Assays: A Contrast of Validation Parameters

Alam,

Shakeel,

Iqbal

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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High-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) assays for pomalidomide (PMD) measurement are lacking in the published database. Furthermore, eco-friendly stability-indicating analytical assays for PMD measurement are also lacking in the published database. In order to detect PMD in commercial products more accurately and sustainably than the conventional normal-phase HPTLC (NP-HPTLC) assay, an effort was made to design and verify a sensitive and eco-friendly reversed-phase HPTLC (RP-HPTLC) assay. The silica gel 60 NP-18F254S and 60 RP-18F254S plates were used as the stationary phases for NP-HPTLC and RP-HPTLC methods, respectively. The solvent system for NP-HPTLC was chloroform–methanol (90:10 v/v). However, the solvent system for RP-HPTLC was ethanol–water (75:25 v/v). The greenness scores for both assays were measured by AGREE approach. PMD measurement was performed for both assays at 372 nm. In the 50–600 and 20–1000 ng/band ranges, the NP-HPTLC and RP-HPTLC methods were linear for PMD measurement. The RP-HPTLC assay was superior to the NP-HPTLC method for measuring PMD in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The ability of both methods to identify PMD in the presence of its degradation products suggests that both methods have stability-indicating features. When employing the NP-HPTLC and RP-HPTLC assays, respectively, the assay for PMD in commercial capsules was 88.68 and 98.83%. The AGREE scores for NP-HPTLC and RP-HPTLC assays were calculated to be 0.44 and 0.82, respectively, suggesting an outstanding greenness characteristic of the RP-HPTLC method than the NP-HPTLC method. The RP-HPTLC method was found to be superior to the NP-HPTLC method based on these findings. Therefore, the RP-HPTLC method could be successfully applied for the determination of PMD in pharmaceutical products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantification of Pomalidomide Using Conventional and Eco-Friendly Stability-Indicating HPTLC Assays: A Contrast of Validation Parameters

Alam,

Shakeel,

Iqbal

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Another proposal for a direct indicator relating to the CC element is the recently proposed “ChlorTox Scale”. 60 This is a new approach aimed at estimating the chemical risk of any laboratory method/procedure in a comprehensive but still quick and simple way. The basis of this approach is to refer hazards related to the substance-of-interest to the hazards identified for the standard substance – chloroform (it indicates the h variable), and to consider the precisely known mass of the substance used in the method ( q variable).…”

Section: Greenness Assessment and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. Although the usability of this scale has been demonstrated by examples of analytical methods, 60 there is nothing to prevent its transfer to the area of synthesis.…”

Section: Greenness Assessment and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does it mean that “something is green”? The fundamentals of a Unified Greenness Theory

Nowak

2023

Green Chem.

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Whiteness and greenness assessments of a sensitive HPLC method with fluorimetric detection for dapagliflozin quantitation in human plasma: Application to a healthy human volunteer

Habeeb,

Morshedy,

Daabees

et al. 2024

Archiv der Pharmazie

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The evident ecological impact of human actions, like air pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion, underscores the need for environmentally friendly approaches across various domains, including analytical chemistry. This study aimed to establish a validated, eco‐friendly, and sustainable approach utilizing a fluorescence detector coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography for quantifying the antihyperglycemic agent dapagliflozin (DAPA), in human plasma. This method employed a C18 Microsorb MV (4.5 × 250 mm, 5 μm [particle size]) column at 40°C, with 40:60% v/v isocratic elution of acetonitrile and (0.1%) orthophosphoric acid as the mobile phase at 1 mL/min flow rate. DAPA and the internal standard demonstrated their greatest response by performing excitation at 225 nm (λex) and recording chromatograms at an emission wavelength (λem) equal to 305 nm. The presented approach demonstrated high linearity between 50 and 2000 ng/mL and full adherence to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration regarding the validation of bioanalytical methods. The described technique was effectively used for quantification of DAPA in human plasma samples from a healthy male participant who received a tablet of 10 mg DAPA. Analytical Eco‐Scale, Analytical GREEnness metric, and the recently created ChlorTox Scale were utilized for greenness assessment. Additionally, the “Red, Green, and Blue 12” model was used in whiteness evaluation.

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How to evaluate methods used in chemical laboratories in terms of the total chemical risk? – a ChlorTox Scale

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Quantification of Pomalidomide Using Conventional and Eco-Friendly Stability-Indicating HPTLC Assays: A Contrast of Validation Parameters

Quantification of Pomalidomide Using Conventional and Eco-Friendly Stability-Indicating HPTLC Assays: A Contrast of Validation Parameters

What does it mean that “something is green”? The fundamentals of a Unified Greenness Theory

Whiteness and greenness assessments of a sensitive HPLC method with fluorimetric detection for dapagliflozin quantitation in human plasma: Application to a healthy human volunteer

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