How to improve consumers’ travel intentions under the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study in China

The effect of COVID-19 on tourists' attitudes and travel intentions: an empirical study on camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during COVID-19

“…Previous studies associated with the pandemic have shown that perceived risk is an important factor influencing attitude and intention (e.g. Bae and Chang, 2020;Dash, 2021;Hamid and Bano, 2022;Kement et al, 2022;Ma et al, 2022;Shin et al, 2022;Yang and Lee, 2022;Zhu and Deng, 2020). For example, in the study they conducted using TPB, S anchez-Cañizares et al (2020) concluded that participants' perceived risk had a negative impact on both their attitudes towards travel and their PBC.…”

“…Studies that attempt to explain the pandemic-tourism context with TPB (e.g. Bae and Chang, 2020;Boguszewicz-Kreft et al, 2022;Ma et al, 2022;Mucinhato et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2021;Pahrudin et al, 2021;Rahmafitria et al, 2021;S anchez-Cañizares et al, 2020; Tourists' attitudes and travel intentions Yin et al, 2020) have clearly demonstrated the critical role of three constructs of TPB (SN, attitudes and PBCs) in determining an individual's BI.…”

“…For this reason, the number of studies that extend TPB by focussing on the relationship between tourism and the pandemic is increasing day by day (e.g. Bae and Chang, 2020; Boguszewicz-Kreft et al , 2022; Pahrudin et al , 2021; Rahmafitria et al , 2021; Ma et al , 2022; Mucinhato et al , 2022; Liu et al , 2021). However, no study has been found in the literature that explains the BI of camping/glamping tourists with TPB during the pandemic.…”

“…Many studies in the literature that include risk perception in the context of pandemic-tourism in TPB (e.g. Bae and Chang, 2020; Boguszewicz-Kreft et al , 2022; Choi et al , 2013; Gstaettner et al , 2017; Hamid and Bano, 2022; Liu et al , 2021; Ma et al , 2022; Mucinhato et al , 2022; Pahrudin et al , 2021; Quintal et al , 2010; Rahmafitria et al , 2021; Sánchez-Cañizares et al , 2020; Yang and Lee, 2022; Yin et al , 2020) have been carried out, but no studies have been conducted to examine the attitudes and behaviours of camping/glamping tourists within the framework of the extended TPB during the pandemic period. Therefore, the current study focused on how COVID-19 risk perception affects original TPB constructs.…”

“…Therefore, it is worth analysing how travel attitudes, perceived behavioural controls (PBC) and subjective norms (SN) influence travel decisions during the pandemic (Shin et al , 2022). Although some research has sought to extend TPB in the context of the pandemic (Bae and Chang, 2020; Boguszewicz-Kreft et al , 2022; Liu et al , 2021; Ma et al , 2022; Mucinhato et al , 2022; Pahrudin et al , 2021; Quintal et al , 2010; Rahmafitria et al , 2021; Sánchez-Cañizares et al , 2020; Yin et al , 2020), no study has been found in the literature examining camping/glamping tourism in the context of the pandemic within the framework of the extended TPB. Following previous studies that tried to develop TPB with additional structures further, this study proposes an extended TPB model to better understand the factors affecting the travel intentions of camping/glamping tourists during the pandemic in Turkey.…”