How to Make Optimized Arrays of Si Wires Suitable as Superior Anode for Li-Ion Batteries

Quiroga‐González, Enrique; Ossei‐Wusu, Emmanuel; Carstensen, Jürgen; Föll, H.

doi:10.1149/2.069111jes

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Given the dimensions and FF of the wires, it can be inferred that the anodes contain 1.35 mg/cm 2 of active material. The details about the fabrication of the anodes are given in [11,12]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Si, a rate of C/10 translates into a current of 420 mA/g, since the nominal capacity is 4200 mAh/g. For both types of experiments a voltage limit of 0.11 V (vs. Li) was chosen for the lithiation of the anode, and of 0.7 V for the delithiation; they have been found from cyclic voltammetry experiments (for details see [12]). The definition of a current density related to the C rate is not trivial since it depends on the amount of active material.…”

Section: Variation Of Charging Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Conditions for Fast Charging and Long Cycling Stability of Silicon Microwire Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries, and Comparison with the Performance of Other Si Anode Concepts

2013

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Abstract:Cycling tests under various conditions have been performed for lithium ion battery anodes made from free-standing silicon microwires embedded at one end in a copper current collector. Optimum charging/discharging conditions have been found for which the anode shows negligible fading (< 0.001%) over 80 cycles; an outstanding result for this kind of anodes. Several performance parameters of the anode have been compared to the ones of other Si anode concepts, showing that especially the capacity as well as the rates of charge flow per nominal area of anode are the highest for the present anode. With regard to applications, the specific parameters per area are more important than the specific gravimetric parameters like the gravimetric capacity, which is good for comparing the capacity between materials but not enough for comparing between anodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation Of Charging Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Conditions for Fast Charging and Long Cycling Stability of Silicon Microwire Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries, and Comparison with the Performance of Other Si Anode Concepts

2013

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“…Электрохимическое трав- ление проводили в течение 45−90 мин при плотности тока 8 мА/см 2 . Для отделения мембраны от подложки ис-пользовался известный прием по увеличению плотности тока в финальной фазе анодирования [18][19][20], в нашем случае 10 мин при j = 21−25 мА/см 2 . При этом, как правило, достигается критическая плотность тока j PS , соответствующая переходу от режима порообразования к электрополировке.…”

Section: макропористые мембраныunclassified

Аноды для литий-ионных аккумуляторов на основе p-Si с самоорганизующимися макропорами

Preobrazhenskii¹,

Astrova²,

Pavlov³

et al. 2017

Физика И Техника Полупроводников

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Практическое применение технологии электрохимического травления монокристаллического кремния для изготовления микроструктурированных анодов сдерживает их себестоимость. Предлагаемый подход позволит сократить издержки за счет: снижения требований к качеству исходного материала путем замены n-Si на p-Si, исключения операций по формированию затравочных центров и многократного использования кремниевой подложки. В работе проведены исследования процесса образования неупорядоченных макропор в p-Si (100) с удельным сопротивлением 10-20 Ом·см в 4%-м растворе плавиковой кислоты в диметилформамиде и определен вклад в него химического растворения кремния. Получены зависимости от плотности тока для скорости анодирования, морфологии пористых слоев, эффективной валентности, числа пор на единицу поверхности и средних значений диаметра пор. Разработана технология формирования пористых слоев толщиной ~50 мкм и пористостью ~70%, сочетающая возможность последовательного отделения нескольких мембран от одной и той же подложки. Исследованы электрохимические характеристики анодов, изготовленных из этих мембран, и проведено 120+ циклов испытаний при токе заряда/разряда 0.2 А/г в режиме ограничения зарядной емкости величиной 1000 мА·ч/г. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.01.8314

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“…This chemical etching is performed with an etchant with a low concentration of KOH. 1,4 The longer the etching is performed, the thinner the wires. The limit of the wire thickness is around 900 nm, when the stabilizing supports are etched away and the wires start collapsing.…”

Section: Processing Of Si Microwiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different techniques like standard vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) 4,5 and metal assisted electroless chemical etching methods (MACE) 6 can be used to structure Si. Nevertheless, in the most of the works with these techniques, wires randomly distributed are presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon Microwire Anodes for Li Ion Batteries

Nöhren

Quiroga‐González

Carstensen

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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With a technique allowing for large-scale production, which is based on electrochemical etching, silicon microwire anodes for Li ion batteries anodes are produced. The wires exhibit high areal capacity due to their diameters in the micron-range, and high cycling stability due to the formation of a homogeneous solid electrolyte interface around each of them. This study summarizes the importance of the (exact) battery work parameters and their dependence on the wire dimensions. Furthermore, it compares two anode concepts in which the wires can be incorporated. FFT-impedance analysis shows the characteristic resistance changes under specific conditions, which relate directly to the processes in the wires 6 can be used to structure Si. Nevertheless, in the most of the works with these techniques, wires randomly distributed are presented. A random distribution of sizes and spacings of the wires limits the battery performance because the diffusion of Li into the wires is not homogeneous.Due to progress in the electrochemical pore formation in n-and p-doped Si by different groups around the world, homogeneous, nano-and micro-structured Si can be produced. With the anodic etching of Si in various electrolytes, different pore structures have been developed. [7][8][9][10][11] In this study electrochemical pore etching and chemical over-etching processes for the production of wire arrays for battery anodes were optimized in order to obtain a silicon wire array with intergrown stabilizing planes. The wire arrays, when used as anodes of batteries, withstand large stresses, and present a stable capacity of 3150 mAh/g for over 100 cycles with an areal capacity of 4.25 mAh/cm 2 , 1 a record among Si anode concepts. It is well known that graphite anodes suffer from a continuously growing solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) which forms due to the decomposition of the electrolyte, thus hindering further intercalation of Li in the graphite. Astonishingly for the silicon microwire anodes discussed in this paper, we found that the SEI stops to grow after the first three charge/discharge cycles, which is one reason for the good cycling stability.This paper deals with the fabrication and electrochemical characterization of the Si microwire anodes, emphasizing the importance of the wire dimensions, which determine the optimum charging/discharging conditions of the anodes. Depending on the size of the wires, the characteristic potentials and impedances are given. For this study, besides the Si microwire array anodes, also paste electrodes have been produced with the same microwires; this allowed a simpler electrochemical characterization of Si microwires of different sizes without the need of optimizing Cu deposition on the wires (a needed step for the array anodes). Cyclic voltammetry and FFT impedance spectroscopy (FFT-IS) have been used for the electrochemical characterization. * Electrochemical Society Student Member.* * Electrochemical Society Active Member. z E-mail: sn@tf.uni-kiel.de Processing of Si MicrowiresThe basic fabrication...

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How to Make Optimized Arrays of Si Wires Suitable as Superior Anode for Li-Ion Batteries

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Optimal Conditions for Fast Charging and Long Cycling Stability of Silicon Microwire Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries, and Comparison with the Performance of Other Si Anode Concepts

Optimal Conditions for Fast Charging and Long Cycling Stability of Silicon Microwire Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries, and Comparison with the Performance of Other Si Anode Concepts

Аноды для литий-ионных аккумуляторов на основе p-Si с самоорганизующимися макропорами

Electrochemical Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon Microwire Anodes for Li Ion Batteries

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