How to Measure “What People do for a Living” in Research on the Socioeconomic Correlates of Health

Warren, John Robert; Kuo, Hsiang Hui Daphne

doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00418-0

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The association between SES and health is well established. 16,18,19,26 For this study, two job characteristics related to type of pay and job benefits that may affect SES were considered: being paid by the hour and lack of paid sick leave. Both of these factors have previously been reported to be associated with increased nonfatal occupational injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Many studies in the U.S. and Europe have supported aspects of these models, but rarely include nationally representative samples or multiple categories of job characteristics. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Self-rated health (SRH) is a commonly used summary measure of general health, combining information on physical health, general physical functioning, mental health, and health behaviors. 25,26 SRH has been shown to predict future health outcomes, including mortality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Job Characteristics Associated With Self-Rated Fair or Poor Health Among U.S. Workers

Luckhaupt

Alterman

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Job Characteristics Associated With Self-Rated Fair or Poor Health Among U.S. Workers

Luckhaupt

Alterman

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…By contrast, a study of older workers found little association of hypertension with job strain and workplace discrimination in African-American or Hispanic workers, indicating to the investigators that resilience may develop to work-related stressors [Mezuk et al, 2011] but which contradicts the evidence for high-effort coping, or "John Henryism," at work as a contributor to hypertension and poor health [James et al, 1984]. Efforts at discerning the origin and extent of workplace stressors are complicated by factors such as educational attainment [Miech and Hauser, 2001;Singh-Manoux et al, 2002;Farmer and Ferraro, 2005;Brand et al, 2007;Meyer et al, 2010], other indicators of social class or prestige [Davey Smith et al, 1998;Warren and Kuo, 2003;Warren et al, 2004], employment relations [Muntaner et al, 2010], and intergenerational SES [Foster et al, 2000;Astone et al, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race‐based job discrimination, disparities in job control, and their joint effects on health

Meyer

2013

American J Industrial Med

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Objectives To examine disparities between job control scores in Black and White subjects and attempt to discern whether self‐rated low job control in Blacks may arise from structural segregation into different jobs, or represents individual responses to race‐based discrimination in hiring or promotion. Methods Data from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) were analyzed by mixed‐effects linear regression and variance regression to determine the effects of grouping by occupation, and racial discrimination in hiring or promotion, on control scores from the Job Content Questionnaire in Black and White subjects. Path analyses were constructed to determine the mediating effect of discrimination on pathways from education and job control to self‐rated health. Results Black subjects exhibited lower mean job control scores compared to Whites (mean score difference 2.26, P < 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, education, and income. This difference narrowed to 1.86 when adjusted for clustering by occupation, and was greatly reduced by conditioning on race‐based discrimination (score difference 1.03, P = 0.12). Path analyses showed greater reported discrimination in Blacks with increasing education, and a stronger effect of job control on health in Black subjects. Conclusions Individual racially‐based discrimination appears a stronger determinant than structural segregation in reduced job control in Black workers, and may contribute to health disparities consequent on work. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:587–595, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Occupation influences health through the general position in society that a job can provide, and through physical and mental health risks at the workplace. Occupation is partly determined by education and in turn determines income, and may not have much effect on health net of education and income (Warren and Kuo 2003). However, there is a long research tradition demonstrating specific causal pathways from occupations with a negative effort-reward balance to stress and heart disease (Siegrist and Wahrendorf 2016).…”

Section: Pathways Between Ses and Health For Various Ses Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Causation Versus Health Selection in the Life Course: Does Their Relative Importance Differ by Dimension of SES?

2018

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A person's socioeconomic status (SES) can affect health (social causation) and health can affect SES (health selection). The findings for each of these pathways may depend on how SES is measured. We study (1) whether social causation or health selection is more important for overall health inequalities, (2) whether this differs between stages of the life course, and (3) between measures of SES. Using retrospective survey data from 10 European countries (SHARELIFE, n = 18,734), and structural equation models in a cross-lagged panel design, we determine the relative explanatory power of social causation and health selection through childhood, adulthood, and old age. We use three ways to measure SES: First, as a latent variable capturing different aspects of SES, second as material wealth, and third as occupational skill level. Between childhood and adulthood, social causation and health selection are equally important. In the transition from adulthood to old age, social causation becomes more important than health selection, making it the dominant mechanism in old age. The three measures of SES produce similar results. Only material wealth shows a stronger effect on health (between childhood and adulthood); it is also more affected by health (between adulthood and old age) than the other measures.

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How to Measure “What People do for a Living” in Research on the Socioeconomic Correlates of Health

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Job Characteristics Associated With Self-Rated Fair or Poor Health Among U.S. Workers

Job Characteristics Associated With Self-Rated Fair or Poor Health Among U.S. Workers

Race‐based job discrimination, disparities in job control, and their joint effects on health

Social Causation Versus Health Selection in the Life Course: Does Their Relative Importance Differ by Dimension of SES?

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