How to overcome multidrug resistance in chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Genetic predisposition of hand‐foot skin reaction after sorafenib therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

“…TNF‐α is a proinflammatory cytokine and an indirect mediator of angiogenesis 22, 23. A genetic polymorphism of TNF ‐α at position −308 of the promoter region, which includes the TNF ‐α −308G and TNF ‐α −308A alleles, has been associated with susceptibility to various types of cancer 24.…”

“…It is well known that TNF‐α is an important mediator of septic shock 29. It is known that natural or recombinant TNF‐α has considerable side effects, including fatal vascular collapse and the induction of widespread inflammatory responses 23. This “septic shock‐like syndrome” by increased serum TNF‐α may be responsible for the causation of HFSR associated with impaired acral tissue circulation.…”

Characterization and Resistance Mechanisms of A 5-fluorouracil-resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line

“…MDR has been a major obstacle for the success of chemotherapy, especially for HCC patients. Although chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents are not yet regarded as a standard treatment for advanced HCC (Bruix and Sherman, 2005), efforts to promote the efficacy of chemotherapy by circumventing MDR phenotype of HCC have been making for several decades (Ryu and Chung, 2010). It has been well acknowledged that a comprehensive understanding of possible molecular mechanisms and signal pathways involved MDR of HCC could be useful to overcome MDR and improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy for HCC patients.…”

Puerarin Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis Modulated by MAPK Signaling Pathways in a Dose-dependent Manner

“…Conventional chemotherapeutic regimens occupy a principal role in advanced or metastatic tumors, in particular for reasons of organ preservation. However, multidrug resistance (MDR), whether intrinsic or acquired, to structurally-diverse and mechanistically-unrelated antitumor drugs is deemed as a major obstacle in the chemotherapeutic management of HCC (4,5). Besides this, severe cytotoxic effects caused by the systemic combined chemotherapy also limit its broad application.…”