How to recognize the innocent vibratory murmur

Noponen, A.-L.; Lukkarinen, S.; Angerla, A.; Sikio, K.; Sepponen, Raimo

doi:10.1109/cic.2000.898583

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Obtained frequency parameters are: peak frequency of first is 102,28 Hz and bandwidth is 32,1 Hz, peak frequency of second is 124 Hz and bandwidth is 22 Hz and peak frequency of third Still's murmur is 127,1 Hz and bandwidth is 46 Hz. Similar results has also been reported in [18][19][20].…”

Section: Graphic Representation Of Heart Soundsupporting

confidence: 91%

Graphic Representations and Frequency Parameters of Heart Sound Signals

Tomas¹,

Herzegovina²,

Zelenika³

et al. 2018

IJIGSP

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Sounds produced by acoustic activity of the heart are series (sequences) of quasi-periodic events which are repeated throughout life, one period (cycle) of these events lasts less than one second. The advancements in technology have enabled us to create various tools for audio and graphic representations of these events. Physicians, by using such tools, can more accurately determine diagnosis by interpretation of heart sound and/or by visual interpretation of graphic displays of heart sounds. This paper presents frequency parameters and graphic illustrations of heart sound signals for two groups of heart murmurs: innocent Still's murmur and pathologic heart murmur of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Also, on behalf of the frequency analysis of acoustic cardiac signals with Still's murmur was given a medical explanation of cause and origin of Still's murmur.

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Section: Graphic Representation Of Heart Soundsupporting

confidence: 91%

Graphic Representations and Frequency Parameters of Heart Sound Signals

Tomas¹,

Herzegovina²,

Zelenika³

et al. 2018

IJIGSP

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“…Using spectrograms obtained by McKusick, Don Michael [15] illustrated the intrinsic properties of various heart lesions in his monograph "Auscultation of the Heart". Similar works has been recently reported by Balster et al [16], Nopponen and Lukkarinen [18,19]. Tovar-Corona et al [20,21], Bhatikar et al [22], Tuchinda and Thompson [26,27] utilized wavelet-based transform to obtain time varying scalogram maps.…”

Section: 0 Backgroundsupporting

confidence: 72%

Heart energy signature spectrogram for cardiovascular diagnosis

Kudriavtsev¹,

Polyshchuk

Douglas

2007

BioMed Eng OnLine

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A new method and application is proposed to characterize intensity and pitch of human heart sounds and murmurs. Using recorded heart sounds from the library of one of the authors, a visual map of heart sound energy was established. Both normal and abnormal heart sound recordings were studied. Representation is based on Wigner-Ville joint time-frequency transformations. The proposed methodology separates acoustic contributions of cardiac events simultaneously in pitch, time and energy. The resolution accuracy is superior to any other existing spectrogram method. The characteristic energy signature of the innocent heart murmur in a child with the S3 sound is presented. It allows clear detection of S1, S2 and S3 sounds, S2 split, systolic murmur, and intensity of these components. The original signal, heart sound power change with time, time-averaged frequency, energy density spectra and instantaneous variations of power and frequency/pitch with time, are presented. These data allow full quantitative characterization of heart sounds and murmurs. High accuracy in both time and pitch resolution is demonstrated. Resulting visual images have self-referencing quality, whereby individual features and their changes become immediately obvious.

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“…Interpretation of the spectrogram helps to understand the hemodynamic events and the origin of heart sounds. Laminar flow will cause a harmonic wave movement in surrounding tissues, as exemplified by vibratory murmur with a peak frequency of approximately 150 Hz, which has also been reported in earlier studies [39,44,45]. Rapid flow will cause turbulence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Phono-spectrographic analysis of heart murmur in children

Noponen

Lukkarinen²,

Angerla

et al. 2007

BMC Pediatr

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BackgroundMore than 90% of heart murmurs in children are innocent. Frequently the skills of the first examiner are not adequate to differentiate between innocent and pathological murmurs. Our goal was to evaluate the value of a simple and low-cost phonocardiographic recording and analysis system in determining the characteristic features of heart murmurs in children and in distinguishing innocent systolic murmurs from pathological.MethodsThe system consisting of an electronic stethoscope and a multimedia laptop computer was used for the recording, monitoring and analysis of auscultation findings. The recorded sounds were examined graphically and numerically using combined phono-spectrograms. The data consisted of heart sound recordings from 807 pediatric patients, including 88 normal cases without any murmur, 447 innocent murmurs and 272 pathological murmurs. The phono-spectrographic features of heart murmurs were examined visually and numerically. From this database, 50 innocent vibratory murmurs, 25 innocent ejection murmurs and 50 easily confusable, mildly pathological systolic murmurs were selected to test whether quantitative phono-spectrographic analysis could be used as an accurate screening tool for systolic heart murmurs in children.ResultsThe phono-spectrograms of the most common innocent and pathological murmurs were presented as examples of the whole data set. Typically, innocent murmurs had lower frequencies (below 200 Hz) and a frequency spectrum with a more harmonic structure than pathological cases. Quantitative analysis revealed no significant differences in the duration of S1 and S2 or loudness of systolic murmurs between the pathological and physiological systolic murmurs. However, the pathological murmurs included both lower and higher frequencies than the physiological ones (p < 0.001 for both low and high frequency limits). If the systolic murmur contained intensive frequency components of over 200 Hz, or its length accounted for over 80 % of the whole systolic duration, it was considered pathological. Using these criteria, 90 % specificity and 91 % sensitivity in screening were achieved.ConclusionPhono-spectrographic analysis improves the accuracy of primary heart murmur evaluation and educates inexperienced listener. Using simple quantitative criterias a level of pediatric cardiologist is easily achieved in screening heart murmurs in children.

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How to recognize the innocent vibratory murmur

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Graphic Representations and Frequency Parameters of Heart Sound Signals

Graphic Representations and Frequency Parameters of Heart Sound Signals

Heart energy signature spectrogram for cardiovascular diagnosis

Phono-spectrographic analysis of heart murmur in children

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