How tough is bone? Application of elastic–plastic fracture mechanics to bone

Yan, Jiahau; Mecholsky, John J.; Clifton, Kari B.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.08.013

Cited by 101 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…4) results in even more potent toughening in the form of crack deflection and twisting [46][47][48]. Our results show that loss of post-yield (plastic) deformation due to irradiation definitely diminishes this crack-growth toughness (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…It is the nonlinear-elastic equivalent of the strain-energy release rate G. It characterizes the stress and displacement fields at a crack tip in such a solid, and as such can be used to define the onset of fracture there. from the energy consumed in plastic deformation 6 prior to, and during, fracture [46][47][48].…”

Section: Strength Toughness and J-r Curve Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

Barth

Launey

MacDowell

et al. 2010

Bone

183

109

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In situ mechanical testing coupled with imaging using high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction or tomography imaging is gaining in popularity as a technique to investigate micrometer and even sub-micrometer deformation and fracture mechanisms in mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth. However, the role of the irradiation in affecting the nature and properties of the tissue is not always taken into account. Accordingly, we examine here the effect of x-ray synchrotron-source irradiation on the mechanistic aspects of deformation and fracture in human cortical bone. Specifically, the strength, ductility and fracture resistance (both work-of-fracture and resistancecurve fracture toughness) of human femoral bone in the transverse (breaking) orientation were evaluated following exposures to 0.05, 70, 210 and 630 kGy irradiation. Our results show that the radiation typically used in tomography imaging can have a major and deleterious impact on the strength, post-yield behavior and fracture toughness of cortical bone, with the severity of the effect progressively increasing with higher doses of radiation. Plasticity was essentially suppressed after as little as 70 kGy of radiation; the fracture toughness was decreased by a factor of five after 210 kGy of radiation. Mechanistically, the irradiation was found to alter the salient toughening mechanisms, manifest by the progressive elimination of the bone's capacity for plastic deformation which restricts the intrinsic toughening from the formation "plastic zones" around crack-like defects. Deep-ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy indicated that this behavior could be related to degradation in the collagen integrity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Strength Toughness and J-r Curve Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

Barth

Launey

MacDowell

et al. 2010

Bone

183

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, there have been a few studies that utilize such J approaches to examine fracture in bovine and human bone. For bovine bone, it was found that the J-integral could be successfully used to measure the toughness and incorporate the important contribution from inelastic deformation [27]. However, an earlier study on human bone [3] concluded that measured J values did not correlate much with other bone properties or as strongly with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This latter effect is important for bone, as has been recently demonstrated in refs. [27,28], in particular because of the occurrence of diffuse damage and microcrack formation which can act as mechanisms of inelasticity.…”

Section: Crack-resistance Curve (Crack-growth Toughness)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of the toughness of bone: A tutorial with special reference to small animal studies

Ritchie

Koester

Ionova

et al. 2008

Bone

201

214

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Quantitative assessment of the strength and toughness of bone has become an integral part of many biological and bioengineering studies on the structural properties of bone and their degradation due to aging, disease and therapeutic treatment. Whereas the biomechanical techniques for characterizing bone strength are well documented, few studies have focused on the theory, methodology, and various experimental procedures for evaluating the fracture toughness of bone, i.e., its resistance to fracture, with particular reference to whole bone testing in small animal studies. In this tutorial, we consider the many techniques for evaluating toughness and assess their specific relevance and application to the mechanical testing of small animal bones. Parallel experimental studies on wild-type rat and mouse femurs are used to evaluate the utility of these techniques and specifically to determine the coefficient of variation of the measured toughness values.

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Bio‐inspired Composites: Using Nature to Tackle Composite Limitations

Libonati

2016

Advanced Engineering Materials and Modeling

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How tough is bone? Application of elastic–plastic fracture mechanics to bone

Cited by 101 publications

References 41 publications

On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

On the effect of X-ray irradiation on the deformation and fracture behavior of human cortical bone

Measurement of the toughness of bone: A tutorial with special reference to small animal studies

Bio‐inspired Composites: Using Nature to Tackle Composite Limitations

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