Abstract:This article explores whether ethnic, religious and regional parties in 21 advanced capitalist democracies are more likely to achieve political salience in systems which have been more exposed to the effects of globalization and post-industrialization. Globalist—localist scholars have argued that the new localism — which encompasses the post-war resurgence of decentralist political movements — is linked to intensified international interdependence and changes in production and consumption modes. Using quasi-li… Show more
“…Most discussions understandably focus on a possible link between economic integration and a rise in regional autonomy demands over time (e.g. Sorens, 2004) (for a partial exception, see Tossutti (2002)). It is also possible, however, to derive implications for cross-sectional variation in regionalism from these discussions.…”
Section: The Role Of Globalization and European Integrationmentioning
Regional autonomy demands are widespread in Western Europe and are often seen as a significant challenge to the authority of the European 'nation states'. This article formulates and tests possible explanations for variation in such demands in six Western European countries. As suggested by the existing literature, several cultural and economic characteristics of regions are associated with autonomy demands. To account for further variation and differences in specific demands, however, it is necessary to focus on the nature of party competition in a region. Autonomy demands will be strong if several regionally organized parties compete against each other and more restrained if regional and national parties are in competition. This suggests that regionalism is generally less consequential for existing state structures than often presumed. It seriously challenges state structures only under certain political conditions.
“…Most discussions understandably focus on a possible link between economic integration and a rise in regional autonomy demands over time (e.g. Sorens, 2004) (for a partial exception, see Tossutti (2002)). It is also possible, however, to derive implications for cross-sectional variation in regionalism from these discussions.…”
Section: The Role Of Globalization and European Integrationmentioning
Regional autonomy demands are widespread in Western Europe and are often seen as a significant challenge to the authority of the European 'nation states'. This article formulates and tests possible explanations for variation in such demands in six Western European countries. As suggested by the existing literature, several cultural and economic characteristics of regions are associated with autonomy demands. To account for further variation and differences in specific demands, however, it is necessary to focus on the nature of party competition in a region. Autonomy demands will be strong if several regionally organized parties compete against each other and more restrained if regional and national parties are in competition. This suggests that regionalism is generally less consequential for existing state structures than often presumed. It seriously challenges state structures only under certain political conditions.
“…This retreat to religion is especially plausible when globalization highlights the inability of the state to enforce social protection from negative economic outcomes (Mishra 1999). In this sense, globalization may lead individuals to embrace alternative sources of authority, such as the church (Tossutti 2002). For these reasons, cross-border economic interdependence can be seen to urge vulnerable populations to be more responsive towards religious messages.…”
Section: The Consequences Of Globalizationmentioning
Building on recent research that examines the impact of globalization in domestic political behaviour, particularly on economic voting, this chapter proposes that globalization strengthens the influence of religiosity on individual voting decisions (the 'religious vote' or 'religious voting'). It further hypothesizes that the effect of globalization on the religious vote depends on the structure of the religious economy: some religious contexts will be more fertile settings for religious voting. The analysis combines individual-level data from CSES Module 2 (2001-2006 with two types of country-level information: globalization indices and a measure of the religious context. The main finding is that globalization strengthens the link between religiosity and right-wing party choice. This effect can be interpreted as an anti-globalization backlash that takes place within a shrinking pool of religious voters. The findings contribute to our understanding of a hitherto ignored relationship between globalization and the non-economic foundations of political behaviour.
“…Separatist sentiment, however, is not measured precisely in these studies. Tosutti (2002) measures separatist sentiment in terms of ethnic, religious and regional parties combined, only some of which may be separatist. Jolly (2006) looks at the electoral strength of regional parties, which includes (but is not limited to) separatist parties, while Sorens (2005) analyzes secessionist parties, among which he includes both parties that advocate independence and those that only advocate autonomy.…”
Section: The Impact Of Economic Integration On Separatismmentioning
Economic integration is widely argued to increase subnational demands for independence. Yet increasingly high degrees of integration have not been associated with a commensurate growth in separatist activity. This article argues that integration is not likely to promote separatism in general because the economic benefits of integration are not uniformly positive, and are not large enough for most regions to provide for their own defense in order to sustain themselves as independent states. This argument is empirically tested using the case of post-WWII European integration, a hard test of the argument, since the European Union is the most advanced economic integration scheme in the world. The quantitative analysis supports the argument, showing that European integration is only weakly associated with a modest increase in electoral support for separatist parties. Further qualitative analysis suggests that the effect of integration is conditional on other factors as well.
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