How trauma influences cardiovascular responses to stress: contributions of posttraumatic stress and cognitive appraisals

Lee, Sharon Y.; Park, Crystal L.; Pescatello, Linda S.

doi:10.1007/s10865-019-00067-8

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A number of processes might be at the basis of this susceptibility. These include physiological alterations related to PTSD, such as greater brainstem and hippocampal activity in response to threat stimuli ( Felmingham et al, 2010 ; Nutt and Malizia, 2004 ), which might intensify arousal and distress; negative appraisals of new stressors ( Lee et al, 2020 ), which might further fuel distress; as well as a tendency to adopt avoidant coping strategies that are known to impede adjustment to trauma ( Badour et al, 2012 ; Foa and Kozak, 1986 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma

Hamam

Milo

Mor

et al. 2021

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Trauma survivors who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may be particularly vulnerable when facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet trauma exposure may also lead to salutogenic outcomes, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Nevertheless, the implications of PTG attributed to prior trauma, for trauma survivors' adjustment when facing additional stressors, are unclear. Addressing this gap, 528 Israeli trauma survivors were assessed for PTG and PTSD symptoms attributed to prior trauma, as well as peritraumatic stress symptoms related to the pandemic, as part of an online survey. Analyses revealed that being younger, female, quarantined, negatively self-rating one's health status, and suffering from PTSD symptoms were associated with elevated peritraumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, PTG attributed to prior trauma made a significant contribution in explaining elevated intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. The present results point to the need for clinicians to take into account reports of PTG attributed to prior trauma when treating trauma survivors during the current pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma

Hamam

Milo

Mor

et al. 2021

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…This measure is highly internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha: 0.96, Wave 1, 0.94 Wave 2), with 0.88 test-retest reliability (32). Combat scores were categorized as low (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), medium (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), or high (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). In the present analysis we used combat exposure as reported in 1984 (Wave 1), since it was closer in time to the event.…”

Section: Combatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LOSS-SF scale, which is the sum of the 11 items, was highly reliable in our sample (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95). For some analyses of social and preventive practices we categorized the LOSS-SF scale into low [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], medium [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and high [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] tertiles and calculated odds ratios and trends.…”

Section: Later-adulthood Trauma Reengagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental studies of undergraduates showed that PTSD symptoms were not only associated with current physical health (e.g., resting blood pressure and heart rate), but also with more negative appraisals of stressors that were presented to them. The more negative appraisals were also associated with increases in cardiovascular response, and threat appraisal was found to mediate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and blood pressure responses ( 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Military Service in Vietnam on Coping and Health Behaviors of Aging Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Stellman

Spiro

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Many Vietnam War veterans who experienced military trauma still exhibit PTSD symptomatology. Little is known about how new stressful situations, like the COVID-19 pandemic, affect previously traumatized people or whether they will react differently to them. We explore whether military combat experiences in Vietnam affect veterans' perceived abilities to cope with COVID-19 and whether current PTSD symptoms and later-adulthood reengagement with trauma memories are related to coping. We examine the extent that current PTSD symptoms and trauma reengagement relate to preventive practices. Participants were part of a randomly sampled cohort of American Legionnaires who responded to two previous surveys (1984, 1998), were born 1945-1953 and deployed to Vietnam 1963-1973, thus representing an aging veteran population. A survey supplement assessed coping with the pandemic and adherence to public health guidelines. The response rate was 74% (N = 507); 422 (61.6%) completed the COVID-19 supplement. Military experiences were found to affect coping with 41.4% reporting they affected ability to cope with COVID-19. Medium- and high-combat veterans were more likely to report that military experience affected coping than low-combat (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.51–3.96; 2.6, 95% CI 1.41–4.61, respectively). Those with high PTSD scores had 7.7-fold (95% CI 4.3–13.17) increased likelihood of reporting that their coping was affected, compared to low-PTSD scorers. Few adopted social distancing (4%), staying at home (17%), or ceasing usual activities (32%); high-combat veterans were least likely to stay home. Veterans who practiced handwashing, sanitizer use, mask-wearing, and surface disinfection had significantly higher PTSD scores than those who did not. Veterans with higher scores on the LOSS-SF scale associated more reengagement with trauma memories and were more likely to engage in personal preventive strategies. Analysis of open-ended responses supported these findings. We conclude that fifty years after returning from Vietnam, PTSD scores were high for high-combat veterans, suggestive of PTSD diagnosis. Military experiences affected coping with COVID both positively and negatively, and may have helped instill useful personal health behaviors. Veterans, especially those with PTSD symptomatology, may have special needs during stressful times, like the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting compliance with recommended practices, as well as their overall health and well-being.

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“…Consequently, both the experience of trauma and the development of PTSD have been linked to CVD and hypertension through a myriad of biological, behavioral, and psychosocial pathways, although the majority of this research has been done in non-Indigenous populations [57,[163][164][165][166]. However, a number of studies have focused on the relationship between trauma, PTSD, and CVD among AI/ANs, specifically [167].…”

Section: Adulthood Stress and Trauma And Cmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan

Lewis

Volpert‐Esmond

Deen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Indigenous people experience the greatest cardiometabolic disease disparity in the Unites States, yet high cardiometabolic disease risk factors do not fully explain the extent of the cardiometabolic disease disparity for Indigenous people. Stress, trauma, and racism occur at high rates within Indigenous communities and have not been well explored as significant contributors to cardiometabolic disease disparities despite emerging literature, and therefore will be described here. Methods: This descriptive study explores the relationship between cardiometabolic disease risks and Indigenous-specific stressors (e.g., early childhood stress and trauma, adulthood stress and trauma, and historical and intergenerational trauma) using current literature. Indigenous-specific protective factors against cardiometabolic disease are also reviewed. Results. Increasing research indicates that there is a relationship between Indigenous-specific stressful and traumatic life experiences and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. Mental health and psychophysiology play an important role in this relationship. Effective interventions to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in Indigenous communities focus on ameliorating the negative effects of these stressors through the use of culturally specific health behaviors and activities. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence that cultural connection and enculturation are protective factors for cardiometabolic disease, and may be galvanized through Indigenous-led training, research, and policy change.

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How trauma influences cardiovascular responses to stress: contributions of posttraumatic stress and cognitive appraisals

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma

Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma

Impact of Military Service in Vietnam on Coping and Health Behaviors of Aging Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan

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