How treatments with endocrine and metabolic drugs influence pituitary cell function

Tulipano, Giovanni

doi:10.1530/ec-19-0482

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Dietary YSE significantly decreased the level of serum glucose in diabetic rats ( 33 ). The hypoglycemic function of YSE is related to its saponins ( 34 – 36 ). In this study, dietary supplementation of YSE decreased plasma MDA concentration and increased plasma SOD concentration, which may be related to the scavenging effect of YSE on superoxide free radicals or preventing the formation of superoxides or peroxides ( 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Yucca Schidigera Extract and Oral Candida utilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Weaning piglets experienced the transformation from breast milk to solid feed and present the proliferation of pathogens, the presence of diarrhea, poor growth performance and even death. Plant extracts and probiotics have certain potential in improving animal growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of dietary yucca schidigera extract (YSE) and oral Candida utilis (CU) on growth performance and intestinal health weaned piglets. According to a 2 × 2 factorial design with the main factors being CU (orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline with or without CU; fed basal diet with or without 120 mg/kg YSE), forty 28 d healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 barrows each: (1) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (CON); (2) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (CU); (3) piglets fed the basal diet containing YSE (120 mg/kg) and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (YSE); (4) Piglets fed the basal diet containing 120 mg/kg YSE and 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (YSE+CU). This study lasted 28 days and evaluated the effects of dietary YSE and oral CU on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, ileal morphology, and intestinal microflora in weaned piglets. Dietary YSE increased ADG, the spleen and lymph node indexes, serum GLU, BUN, T-SOD, T-AOC, CAT concentrations, ileal villus height and villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations and ileal occludin concentration in weaned piglets (P < 0.05); decreased the diarrhea rate and mortality, rectal pH and urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P < 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Orally CU increased ADG, and ADFI, the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, ileal villus height, villus height/crypt depth, jejunum occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations (P < 0.05); reduced the diarrhea rate and mortality, urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P < 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Dietary YSE and orally CU increased the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin concentration; reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets by 28%, gastric pH, ileal pH, cecal pH and urine pH, MDA, crypt depth; improved the diversity of cecal microflora. YSE and CU could improve the growth performance, reduce the diarrhea rate, improve intestinal health, and increase the diversity and abundance of cecal microflora in weaned piglets and expected to be used as antibiotics alternative feed additives in the production of weaned piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Yucca Schidigera Extract and Oral Candida utilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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“…Metformin also contributes to the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and fertility through AMPK-mediated actions at the hypothalamic level and in pituitary gonadotroph cells, which have been recently reviewed [ 19 , 47 ].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Metformin Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies and preclinical evidence have suggested the efficacy of metformin as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of two types of endocrine tumors, in detail differentiated thyroid cancer and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [ 13 , 16 , 17 ]. Furthermore, in vitro studies using cell lines and few studies in animal models have suggested to extend the efficacy of metformin to other endocrine tumors and contributed to characterize the differential effects of metformin in distinct cell types [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. These laboratory-based data have not been confirmed by clinical evidence yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, metformin can raise differential responses in distinct cell types, both normal and tumor cells. As to the in vivo effects of metformin on tumor cells, it is worth remarking that they may be also indirect and consequent to the systemic effects of the drug, especially on plasma glucose homeostasis and related endocrine factors [ 19 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area

Tulipano

2021

IJMS

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Metformin is considered the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment. Actually, pleiotropic effects of metformin have been recognized, and there is evidence that this drug may have a favorable impact on health beyond its glucose-lowering activity. In summary, despite its long history, metformin is still an attractive research opportunity in the field of endocrine and metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. To this end, its mode of action in distinct cell types is still in dispute. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of metformin in the field of metabolic and endocrine pathologies, including some endocrine tumors. Metformin is believed to act through multiple pathways that can be interconnected or work independently. Moreover, metformin effects on target tissues may be either direct or indirect, which means secondary to the actions on other tissues and consequent alterations at systemic level. Finally, as to the direct actions of metformin at cellular level, the intracellular milieu cooperates to cause differential responses to the drug between distinct cell types, despite the primary molecular targets may be the same within cells. Cellular bioenergetics can be regarded as the primary target of metformin action. Metformin can perturb the cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD/NADH ratio and the ATP/AMP ratio within cells, thus affecting enzymatic activities and metabolic and signaling pathways which depend on redox- and energy balance. In this context, the possible link between pyruvate metabolism and metformin actions is extensively discussed.

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“…Under nutrient-rich conditions, the inhibition of mTOR is diminished and the whole-body energy balance is positive, it is conducive to reproduction (Gonzalez et al, 2020). In addition to the above indirect effects on reproduction, AMPK in the hypothalamus and pituitary is able to directly regulate gonadal steroid hormones production and affect fertility in response to peripheral metabolic signals (Tulipano, 2020). However, the global physiological actions of AMPK in reproduction include not only the acute response of AMPK activation through directly phosphorylating downstream metabolic enzymes or regulating the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis, but also AMPK-mediated transcriptional events via affecting the interaction between transcription regulators (TFs) and their DNA recognition sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Mammalian Reproduction

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Reproduction is an energy demanding function and only take place in case of sufficient available energy status in mammals. Metabolic diseases such as anorexia nervosa are clinically associated with reduced fertility. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a major regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, is activated in limited energy reserves to ensure the orderly progress of various physiological activities. In recent years, mounting evidence shows that AMPK is involved in the regulation of reproductive function through multiple mechanisms. AMPK is likely to be a metabolic sensor integrating central and peripheral signals. In this review, we aim to explore the preclinical studies published in the last decade that investigate the role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the reproductive field, and its role as a target for drug therapy of reproductive system-related diseases. We also emphasized the emerging roles of AMPK in transcriptional regulation of reproduction processes and metabolisms, which are tightly related to the energy state and fertility of an organism.

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How treatments with endocrine and metabolic drugs influence pituitary cell function

Cited by 7 publications

References 102 publications

Effects of Dietary Yucca Schidigera Extract and Oral Candida utilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

Effects of Dietary Yucca Schidigera Extract and Oral Candida utilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area

Roles of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Mammalian Reproduction

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