How Useful Is the IQCODE for Discriminating between Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Memory Complaints?

Sikkes, Sietske A.M.; Berg, Mark T.; Knol, Dirk L.; Klerk, Elly S.M. de Lange–de; Scheltens, Philip; Uitdehaag, Bernard M. J.; Klein, Martin; Pijnenburg, Y.A.L.

doi:10.1159/000321697

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This relationship was not apparent for mild cognitive disorders. These results are consistent with prior reports [19,42] and suggest that the IQCODE-SR may be able to detect a group of individuals in the initial stages of dementia who already experience its impact on everyday function (as measured by the IQCODE-SR) and have sufficient insight to make accurate self-reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Self-Reported Cognitive Decline on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly Is Associated with Dementia, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Depression but Not Longitudinal Cognitive Change

Eramudugolla¹,

Easteal

Jorm

et al. 2012

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aim: A subjective history of cognitive decline is integral to dementia screening, yet there are few data on the accuracy of retrospective self-reports. We prospectively examined the longitudinal predictors of self-reported decline, including rate of cognitive change, clinical diagnosis, depressive symptoms and personality. Methods: We used a large (n = 2,551) community-dwelling sample of older adults (60–64 years at baseline) and tracked their cognitive functioning over 3 waves across a period of 8 years. Individual rates of change in multiple domains of cognition, incident dementia and mild cognitive disorders, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype, level of education, depressive symptoms and personality were examined as predictors of wave 3 retrospective self-reported decline as measured by the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. Results: The rate of cognitive decline did not predict subjective decline. Significant predictors of self-reported decline included dementia diagnosis, problems with instrumental activities of daily living, depression and neuroticism at the time of self-report, as well as the presence of an APOE ε4 allele. Conclusions: In this relatively young cohort, retrospective self-report of cognitive decline does not reflect objective deterioration in cognition over the time period in question, but it may identify individuals in the initial stages of dementia and those with elevated psychological and genotypic risk factors for the development of dementia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Self-Reported Cognitive Decline on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly Is Associated with Dementia, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Depression but Not Longitudinal Cognitive Change

Eramudugolla¹,

Easteal

Jorm

et al. 2012

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Informant report has been associated with the risk for developing AD in SCD in community elders (9, 86, 87). There is also evidence that the composite of both self and informant report accurately predicts hippocampal atrophy (64) and longitudinal decline at the earliest stages of disease, possibly better than self or partner report alone (5, 84).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies

Molinuevo

Rabin

Amariglio

et al. 2016

Alzheimer's & Dementia

449

447

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INTRODUCTION Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) manifesting prior to clinical impairment could serve as a target population for early intervention trials in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A working group, the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I), published SCD research criteria in the context of preclinical AD. To successfully apply them, a number of issues regarding assessment and implementation of SCD needed to be addressed. METHODS Members of the SCD-I met to identify and agree upon topics relevant to SCD criteria operationalization in research settings. Initial ideas and recommendations were discussed with other SCD-I working group members and modified accordingly. RESULTS Topics included SCD inclusion and exclusion criteria, together with the informant’s role in defining SCD presence and the impact of demographic factors. DISCUSSION Recommendations for the operationalization of SCD in differing research settings, with the aim of harmonization of SCD measurement across studies are proposed, to enhance comparability and generalizability across studies.

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“…Identifying screening measures that could identify individuals with MCI will create the opportunity to implement risk management strategies pending the availability of pharmacological agents for the prevention of progression to Alzheimer's dementia. The IQCODE has been shown to be useful in diagnosing Alzheimer's dementia, but was less effective in differentiating MCI from subjective memory complaint [93] . In our study, the MMSE, SMRS, SMCC and CDT display the potential to discriminate MCI from those with dementia and the controls ( table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sensitivity and Specificity of Subjective Memory Complaints and the Subjective Memory Rating Scale, Deterioration Cognitive Observee, Mini-Mental State Examination, Six-Item Screener and Clock Drawing Test in Dementia Screening

Ramlall¹,

Chipps²,

Bhigjee³

et al. 2013

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background:The effectiveness of dementia screening depends on the availability of suitable screening tools with good sensitivity and specificity to confidently distinguish normal agerelated cognitive decline from dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminant validity of 7 screening measures for dementia. Methods: A sample of 140 participants aged ≥60 years living in a residential facility for the aged were assessed clinically and assigned caseness for dementia using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revised diagnostic criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of a selection of the following screening measures were tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for individual and combined tests: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Six-Item Screener (SIS), Subjective Memory Complaint, Subjective Memory Complaint Clinical (SMCC), Subjective Memory Rating Scale (SMRS), Deterioration Cognitive Observee (DECO) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Results: Using ROC analyses, the SMCC, MMSE and CDT were found to be 'moderately accurate' in screening for dementia with an area under the curve (AUC) >0.70. The AUCs for the SIS (0.526), SMRS (0.661) and DECO (0.687) classified these measures as being 'less accurate'. At recommended cutoff scores, the SMCC had a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 45.7%; the MMSE had a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 76.0%, and the CDT had a sensitivity of 44.4% and a specificity of 88.9%. Combining the SMCC and MMSE did not improve their predictive power except for a modest increase when using the sequential rule. Conclusion: The SMCC is composed of valid screening questions that have high sensitivity, are simple to administer and ideal for administration at the community or primary health care level as a first level of 'rule-out' screening. The MMSE can be included at a second stage of screening at the general hospital level and the CDT in specialist clinical settings. Sequential use of the SMCC and MMSE will improve the specificity of the former and the sensitivity of the latter.

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How Useful Is the IQCODE for Discriminating between Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Memory Complaints?

Cited by 36 publications

References 58 publications

Self-Reported Cognitive Decline on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly Is Associated with Dementia, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Depression but Not Longitudinal Cognitive Change

Self-Reported Cognitive Decline on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly Is Associated with Dementia, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Depression but Not Longitudinal Cognitive Change

Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies

The Sensitivity and Specificity of Subjective Memory Complaints and the Subjective Memory Rating Scale, Deterioration Cognitive Observee, Mini-Mental State Examination, Six-Item Screener and Clock Drawing Test in Dementia Screening

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