How variable is delayed selfing in a fluctuating pollinator environment? A comparison between a delayed selfing and a pollinator-dependent Schizanthus species of the high Andes

Mixed Mating in Homostylous Species: Genetic and Experimental Evidence from an Alpine Plant with Variable Herkogamy,Primula halleri

“…3). This result is broadly in line with Pérez et al (2013), who demonstrated increased variability in outcrossing rates in a delayed-selfing Schizanthus species compared with a pollinator-dependent species, but that study documented variability among-rather than within-populations. For P. halleri, the consistently high outcrossing rates of high-herkogamous plants (and thus low CV values) can be attributed to the absence of an opportunity to autonomously self.…”

“…Delayed selfing was proposed to always be favored by selection (Lloyd 1992), offering an explanation for mixed mating as a best-ofboth-worlds solution to the problem of unreliable pollinator service (Kalisz et al 2004;Morgan and Wilson 2005). However, the mating system consequences of decreasing herkogamy during anthesis may be complex, as they can lead to particularly variable selfing rates (Pérez et al 2013), and they remain generally poorly documented.…”

Geographic variation in floral traits is associated with environmental and genetic differences among populations of the mixed mating species Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae)

“…Floral traits associated with mating system, e.g., flower size, flower colour, floral life-span and the degree of physical or temporal separation between male and female structures (herkogamy, dichogamy) (Runions and Geber 2000;Totland and Schulte-Herbrüggen 2003;Herlihy and Eckert 2007;Goodwillie et al 2010;Button et al 2012), are frequently influenced by multiple environmental factors acting as selective forces on genetic variation. Some environmental factors are likely to depend on the local habitat of the particular population, including the local pollinator community (Levin 1972;Pérez et al 2013), competitors for pollination (Fishman and Wyatt 1999;Bell et al 2005), floral antagonists (Strauss and mating-system traits is adaptive or non-adaptive (van Kleunen and Fisher 2005), plasticity has potentially important effects on evolution of mating systems by affecting trait variation, opportunities for selection and the evolution of novel traits or trait combinations (Falconer and Mackay 1996;Schlichting and Pigliucci 1998;West-Eberhard 2005). In some cases, we may expect initially plastic responses to become genetically assimilated, as a result of selection favouring a particular trait expression under novel conditions (Price et al 2003).…”

Selfing and Drought-Stress Strategies Under Water Deficit for Two Herbaceous Species in the South American Andes

“…A wide variety of studies have described the advantages and disadvantages associated with selfing. On one hand, selfing has the advantage of reproductive assurance; (Lloyd, 1992;Fausto et al, 2001;Snell and Aarssen, 2005;Dudley et al, 2012;Pérez et al, 2013), and automatic selection (Fisher, 1941;Schoen et al, 1996;Harder and Wilson, 1998;Aarssen, 2000), accordingly, it has been mainly observed on colonizing plants such as: weeds, herbaceous, and annual species (Lloyd, 1980;Barrett et al, 1996). On the other hand, it leads to lower adaptive potential, increase the probability of inbreeding depression (Herlihy and Eckert, 2002), and lower genetic variability in natural populations, reducing their evolutionary potential and increasing extinction risks (Herlihy and Eckert, 2002;Moeller and Geber, 2005;Dierks et al, 2012;Dudley et al, 2012).…”