“…It combines data from 180 ground-based radar and about 7,000 rain gauges, along with model analyses (Zhang et al, 2016). Designed for GPM ground validation, GV-MRMS is further quality-controlled, adjusted, and integrated to the IMERG's resolution (0.1°, 0.5 h) (Kirstetter et al, 2012(Kirstetter et al, , 2014, and has been extensively used in GPM validation studies (e.g., Derin & Kirstetter, 2022;Guilloteau et al, 2021;Tan et al, 2022). Additionally, the Radar Quality Index (ranging from 0 to 100 (best)) generated concurrently with GV-MRMS QPE, is employed here to filter out low-quality estimates (Petersen et al, 2020).…”