“…Nelson et al (2002,2008), and Kellam, Mayer, Rebok, and Hawkins (1998) emphasized the inverse relationship between problem behavior and academic performance, a theme recognized in research on academic, mental health, and behavior support analyses (Hawkins, Farrington, & Catalano, 1998;Maguin & Loeber, 1996;Mclntosh, Flannery, Sugai, Braun, & Cochrane, 2008;Verdugo & Schneider, 1999). The expectation is that improving social behaviors leads to more student time in instruction and greater academic engagement during instruction.…”