How Well the Constructs of Health Belief Model Predict Vaccination Intention: A Systematic Review on COVID-19 Primary Series and Booster Vaccines

Abstract

This systematic review synthesizes the findings of quantitative studies examining the relationships between Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs and COVID-19 vaccination intention. We searched PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and identified 109 eligible studies. The overall vaccination intention rate was 68.19%. Perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action were the three most frequently demonstrated predictors of vaccination intention for both primary series and booster vaccines. For booster doses, the influence of susceptibility slightly increased, but the impact of severity, self-efficacy, and cues to action on vaccination intention declined. The impact of susceptibility increased, but severity’s effect declined sharply from 2020 to 2022. The influence of barriers slightly declined from 2020 to 2021, but it skyrocketed in 2022. Conversely, the role of self-efficacy dipped in 2022. Susceptibility, severity, and barriers were dominant predictors in Saudi Arabia, but self-efficacy and cues to action had weaker effects in the USA. Susceptibility and severity had a lower impact on students, especially in North America, and barriers had a lower impact on health care workers. However, cues to action and self-efficacy had a dominant influence among parents. The most prevalent modifying variables were age, gender, education, income, and occupation. The results show that HBM is useful in predicting vaccine intention.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in India: A primary study based on health behavior theories and 5C psychological antecedents model

“…Similarly, the 5C model has also supported the existing literature that psychological antecedents like, ‘ confidence ’ and ‘ collective responsibility ’ are crucial factors in reducing vaccine hesitancy. Those respondents were confident in the safety and the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, and had a sense of social responsibility, and collective work to reduce the infection in their society [ 30 , 33 , 46 , 47 ].…”

“…These intentions are assumed to capture the motivational determinants that are driven by the attitudes toward a particular behavior, the ‘subjective norm’ to the health behavior, and the perceived control over the health behavior. The combination of behavioral intentions and perceived behavioral control has resulted in variations in an individual’s behavior [ 33 ]. This model has used the three major constructs: (i) attitudes (individual’s assessment of the action); (ii) subjective norms (perceived social pressure for the behavior), and (iii) perceived behavioral control (combination of perceived control and self-efficacy) [ 27 , 34 ].…”

Evolving impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in chronic dialysis recipients over the course of pandemic waves and COVID-19 vaccination rollout: a French national study

“…7 In addition, adherence/hesitancy of CDR to such booster campaigns remains insufficiently documented in the literature. Indeed, a recent systematic review examining the relationships between Health Belief Model constructs and COVID-19 vaccination intention included 109 studies but only 13 articles explored booster vaccines, 8 and only 1 of these 13 articles explored the booster vaccine hesitancy in hemodialysis patients. 8,9 Such findings led us to undertake investigations on vaccination coverage for booster doses.…”

“…Indeed, a recent systematic review examining the relationships between Health Belief Model constructs and COVID-19 vaccination intention included 109 studies but only 13 articles explored booster vaccines, 8 and only 1 of these 13 articles explored the booster vaccine hesitancy in hemodialysis patients. 8,9 Such findings led us to undertake investigations on vaccination coverage for booster doses. Another challenging consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic for CDR was the reduction in kidney transplant activity.…”

Interrogating Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Intent During the National Vaccine Rollout in the Philippines

“…The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits that people are likely to adopt disease prevention behaviors and to accept medical interventions like vaccines if there is sufficient motivation and cues to action (Rosenstock, Strecher & Becker, 1988; Limbu, Gautam & Pham, 2022a; Limbu & Gautam, 2023). Motivational factors include perceived susceptibility to and severity of the disease and perceived benefits of the vaccine.…”