How will Ocean Acidification Affect Baltic Sea Ecosystems? An Assessment of Plausible Impacts on Key Functional Groups

Havenhand, Jonathan N.

doi:10.1007/s13280-012-0326-x

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Considering that the Baltic Sea is a coastal sea with a natural frequent and wide pH variability (Omstedt et al, 2009), it can be expected that the effects of OA on plankton communities will be rather small within the range of predicted values for this century (Havenhand, 2012). A reduced OA sensitivity in systems experiencing high CO 2 fluctuations is supported by our results and other studies using communities from the Baltic (Thomsen et al, 2010;Nielsen et al, 2010;Rossoll et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is changing seawater chemistry towards reduced pH, which affects various properties of marine organisms. Coastal and brackish water communities are expected to be less affected by ocean acidification (OA) as these communities are typically adapted to high fluctuations in CO 2 and pH. Here we investigate the response of a coastal brackish water plankton community to increasing CO 2 levels as projected for the coming decades and the end of this century in terms of community and biochemical fatty acid (FA) composition. A Baltic Sea plankton community was enclosed in a set of offshore mesocosms and subjected to a CO 2 gradient ranging from natural concentrations (∼ 347 µatm f CO 2 ) up to values projected for the year 2100 (∼ 1333 µatm f CO 2 ). We show that the phytoplankton community composition was resilient to CO 2 and did not diverge between the treatments. Seston FA composition was influenced by community composition, which in turn was driven by silicate and phosphate limitation in the mesocosms and showed no difference between the CO 2 treatments. These results suggest that CO 2 effects are dampened in coastal communities that already experience high natural fluctuations in pCO 2 . Although this coastal plankton community was tolerant of high pCO 2 levels, hypoxia and CO 2 uptake by the sea can aggravate acidification and may lead to pH changes outside the currently experienced range for coastal organisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2016

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“…Annual pH ranges vary from 8. 1-8.4 in the Kattegat area to 7.4-8.4 in the less saline eastern Baltic (Havenhand, 2012). Kiel Fjord and Eckernförde Bay are narrow coastal embayments in the western Baltic Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of temperature rise and ocean acidification on growth of calcifying tubeworm shells (<i>Spirorbis spirorbis</i>): an in situ benthocosm approach

Taubner

Böhm

et al. 2018

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The calcareous tubeworm Spirorbis spirorbis is a widespread serpulid species in the Baltic Sea, where it commonly grows as an epibiont on brown macroalgae (genus Fucus). It lives within a Mg-calcite shell and could be affected by ocean acidification and temperature rise induced by the predicted future atmospheric CO 2 increase. However, Spirorbis tubes grow in a chemically modified boundary layer around the algae, which may mitigate acidification. In order to investigate how increasing temperature and rising pCO 2 may influence S. spirorbis shell growth we carried out four seasonal experiments in the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms at elevated pCO 2 and temperature conditions. Compared to laboratory batch culture experiments the benthocosm approach provides a better representation of natural conditions for physical and biological ecosystem parameters, including seasonal variations. We find that growth rates of S. spirorbis are significantly controlled by ontogenetic and seasonal effects. The length of the newly grown tube is inversely related to the initial diameter of the shell. Our study showed no significant difference of the growth rates between ambient atmospheric and elevated (1100 ppm) pCO 2 conditions. No influence of daily average CaCO 3 saturation state on the growth rates of S. spirorbis was observed. We found, however, net growth of the shells even in temporarily undersaturated bulk solutions, under conditions that concurrently favoured selective shell surface dissolution. The results suggest an overall resistance of S. spirorbis growth to acidification levels predicted for the year 2100 in the Baltic Sea. In contrast, S. spirorbis did not survive at mean seasonal temperatures exceeding 24 • C during the summer experiments. In the autumn experiments at ambient pCO 2 , the growth rates of juvenile S. spirorbis were higher under elevated temperature conditions. The results reveal that S. spirorbis may prefer moderately warmer conditions during their early life stages but will suffer from an excessive temperature increase and from increasing shell corrosion as a consequence of progressing ocean acidification.

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“…Salinity may decrease from current 7 to 4, while mid-summer water temperature may increase from 12 to 16°C, and pCO 2 levels may increase from 380 ppm to 960 ppm, by year 2100 (HELCOM 2007). In a recent review concerning the effects of ocean acidification on Baltic ecosystems, it is concluded that it seems likely that the effects on the Baltic spring and summer blooms will be small, and perhaps positive (Havenhand 2012). However, available evidence for Baltic primary producers is scant, and only three relevant studies are referred to.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of temperature and species interaction on filamentous cyanobacteria may be more important than salinity and increased pCO2 levels

Karlberg

Wulff

2012

Mar Biol

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A future business-as-usual scenario (A1FI) was tested on two bloom-forming cyanobacteria of the Baltic Proper, Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomenon sp., growing separately and together. The projected scenario was tested in two laboratory experiments where (a) interactive effects of increased temperature and decreased salinity and (b) interactive effects of increased temperature and elevated levels of pCO 2 were tested. Increased temperature, from 12 to 16°C, had a positive effect on the biovolume and photosynthetic activity (F v /F m ) of both species. Compared when growing separately, the biovolume of each species was lower when grown together. Decreased salinity, from 7 to 4, and elevated levels of pCO 2 , from 380 to 960 ppm, had no effect on the biovolume, but on F v /F m of N. spumigena with higher F v /F m in salinity 7. Our results suggest that the projected A1FI scenario might be beneficial for the two species dominating the extensive summer blooms in the Baltic Proper. However, our results further stress the importance of studying interactions between species.

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How will Ocean Acidification Affect Baltic Sea Ecosystems? An Assessment of Plausible Impacts on Key Functional Groups

Cited by 57 publications

References 59 publications

Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea

Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea

Effect of temperature rise and ocean acidification on growth of calcifying tubeworm shells (<i>Spirorbis spirorbis</i>): an in situ benthocosm approach

Impact of temperature and species interaction on filamentous cyanobacteria may be more important than salinity and increased pCO2 levels

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How will Ocean Acidification Affect Baltic Sea Ecosystems? An Assessment of Plausible Impacts on Key Functional Groups

Cited by 57 publications

References 59 publications

Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea

Effect of ocean acidification on the structure and fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Baltic Sea

Effect of temperature rise and ocean acidification on growth of calcifying tubeworm shells (&lt;i&gt;Spirorbis spirorbis&lt;/i&gt;): an in situ benthocosm approach

Impact of temperature and species interaction on filamentous cyanobacteria may be more important than salinity and increased pCO2 levels

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Effect of temperature rise and ocean acidification on growth of calcifying tubeworm shells (<i>Spirorbis spirorbis</i>): an in situ benthocosm approach