Howard, Joseph Clemens, Sr.

Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia

“…There is consistent evidence that high to severe FOC is strongly associated with impaired psychological well-being during pregnancy (e.g. women are more likely to have antenatal depression (Rouhe 2011)), and it may be a predictor for their postnatal mental health (Howard 2014) If untreated, FOC may be passed on from mother to daughter, where a mother had a traumatic experience which may be experienced in the imagination by her daughter when she relives the birth as described to her (Hofberg 2003). Therefore, supporting mothers in the perinatal period may have long-term benefits for their own health and that of their infant.…”

“…Traditionally, research in the area of perinatal mental health focuses on depression, but anxiety is prevalent (Howard 2014). Therefore, more evidence is required to address this knowledge gap with regard to anxiety and fear in the perinatal period.…”

“…Women are three times more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder than depression in the postnatal period (Fairbrother 2007). Yet research on anxiety in the perinatal period has lacked attention to date, in comparison with the focus on perinatal depression (Hofberg 2003;Howard 2014). There is a growing body of literature which recognises the importance of identifying fear of childbirth (FOC) and pregnancy-related anxieties in maintaining women's perinatal mental health (Hofberg 2003;Stoll 2018;Toohill 2014;Weaver 2013).…”

Probing oxide-ion conduction in low-temperature SOFCs

“…By using some other appropriate electrode choices such as CuO or Ni-CGO [17] can solve the problem of reaction with NiO. To stabilize and flexibly modulate the working temperature of the highly conductive β-La2Mo2O9, dopants have been introduced to the system, which would inevitably affect the intrinsic resident and newly-formed a-Fr pairs [18][19][20]. Different models have been applied to La2Mo2O9 series materials to explain their conductivity with crystallographic data from Arrhenius to the Dienes−Macedo−Litovitz (DML) model [8,21].…”