HOX transcript antisense RNA is elevated in gastric carcinogenesis and regulated by the NF‐κB pathway

Abstract

The expression pattern of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in the progression of gastric cancer and the regulation of its expression are still unclear. In the current study, HOTAIR expressions in gastric tissues collected from patients with superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, atypical hyperplasia, and gastric cancer as well as normal controls was quantitatively examined. The results showed that the expression of HOTAIR was higher in gastric cancer than in normal tissues, but reached the highest level in atrophic gastritis, suggesting that HOTAIR may be involved in the molecular process of nonresolving inflammation. Then tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2), a known gene associated with nonresolving inflammation, was overexpressed and the results showed that the promotion in TIPE2 expression triggered HOTAIR reduction, this result was further verified by microarray analysis and TIPE2 knockout mice. Subsequently, the data obtained from HOTAIR knockdown experiment showed that it significantly enhanced colony forming capability and inhibited p27 expression in AGS cells. Furthermore, deletion constructs and luciferase-based activity assays indicated that the −475 to −443bp region of HOTAIR promoter contained a crucial regulatory element. Transcription factor prediction with software TRANSFAC revealed that nuclear factor-κB signaling protein p65 had a binding site in this region and might have roles in HOTAIR expression. The binding of phosphor-p65 to HOTAIR promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and succeeding experiment results demonstrated that p65 reduction by p65 small interfering RNA and TIPE2 overexpression also decreased HOTAIR expression. Conclusively, our results suggest that HOTAIR was associated with nonresolving inflammation, and its expression is regulated by p65.

Differential Expression of Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR in Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Cancer

“…To better characterize the HOTAIR role in GC carcinogenesis, we analyzed HOTAIR expression in preneoplastic changes. Zhang et al reported on initial HOTAIR expression analysis in gastric tissues, showing the highest expression in AG ( 12 ). In our results, we observed no expression of HOTAIR in controls, but it was upregulated in patients with CNAG and AG and/or patients with IM.…”

“…Various lncRNAs are highly expressed in GC tissues and have been evaluated as GC biomarkers ( 6 , 8 ). LncRNA Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is upregulated in GC tissue ( 11 , 12 ). HOTAIR targets miR-34a and activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and leads to tumor progression by inhibiting apoptosis ( 13 ).…”

NF-κB in Gastric Cancer Development and Therapy

“…NF-κB contributes to the regulation of the invasive properties of human gastric carcinoma cells by stimulating the production of, e.g., MMP-9 in response to IL-1β or MMP-2 and MMP-12 in response to TNF-CXCL1/CXCL2-S100A8/9 activation [ 143 , 144 , 145 ]. In atrophic gastritis and GC tissue, RelA has been suggested to potentiate the expression of the long-noncoding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), which promotes cell motility and invasion through targeting Wingless int 1 (Wnt)/β-catenin and poly-r(C)-binding protein (PCBP) [ 146 ]. In addition, NF-κB is involved in the up-regulation of Snail1, which leads to E-cadherin reduction in GC tissue [ 114 ].…”

Dysregulated expression but redundant function of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in diabetic kidney disease

“…In considering how high glucose may upregulate HOTAIR, we were cognisant of work reporting a role for the p65 subunit of NF-κB in regulating the expression of human HOTAIR [33,34]. We performed in silico analysis of the mouse Hotair promoter and identified three potential binding sites for NF-κB (ESM Fig.…”