Hoya-like Hierarchical Porous Architecture as Multifunctional Phosphorus Anode for Superior Lithium–Sodium Storage

Abstract

Designing nanostructured hosts with the merits of high conductivity, strong trapping ability, and long-term durability to improve the insulating nature and extreme volume change of red phosphorus (RP) is a promising option for the development of high-performance lithium/ sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs). Here, a multifunctional RP immobilizer is proposed and fabricated, which comprises a nitrogen-doped hollow MXene sphere (NM) planted with the dual-sided porous carbon network (DCNM). In such a configuration, the highly conductive macroporous NM not only facilitates fast electron transport but also acts as the capturing center to entrap polyphosphide through strong chemical adsorption, while the uniformly distributed micromesoporous carbon network in or out of the sphere provides reliable RP accommodation and alleviates the volume expansion, as well as creates interpenetrating ion diffusion and electron transport channels. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the triple-shelled architecture and the exclusive restraint, the Hoya-like DCNM@RP anode exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performances for LIBs and SIBs, delivering a combination of high reversible capacity, splendid rate properties, and extended cycling performance: up to 1800 cycles with 0.01% per cycle capacity decay for LIBs and 0.024% per cycle over 1000 cycles for SIBs at 2 C.

Rationally Designing Closed Pore Structure by Carbon Dots to Evoke Sodium Storage Sites of Hard Carbon in Low‐Potential Region

“…It was well known that the value of ICE was predominantly influenced by the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film and the occurrence of irreversible reactions during initial sodiation process. [ 38–40 ] Eminently, the ICE of PNDCs‐750CDs was found to be 63.2%, which was higher than that of PNDCs (54.7%). This trend of ICE aligned with the observed tendency of increased closed pores.…”

Deciphering Electrolyte Dominated Na+ Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…One study showed that R─O─Na could contribute to ensuring the stability of the SEI and the rapid transport of Na + . [ 21 ] In addition, C─F components in the SEI of the DEGDME‐based sample presented a higher peak area ratio than that in the EC/DEC‐based sample, which has been reported to play an important role in preventing the further decomposition of SEI and electrolyte. [ 22 ]…”

“…One study showed that R─O─Na could contribute to ensuring the stability of the SEI and the rapid transport of Na + . [21] In addition, C─F components in the SEI of the DEGDME-based sample presented a higher peak area ratio than that in the EC/DEC-based sample, which has been reported to play an important role in preventing the further decomposition of SEI and electrolyte. [22] To clarify how the underlying physics of the DEGDME-and EC/DEC-based electrolytes influence the redox activity of the HC interface, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were con-ducted.…”

Structural Engineering of SnSe Encapsulated in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

“…Nowadays, owing to the overwhelming advantages of superior energy density, long cycling lifespan and environmental benignity, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely employed in portable electronics and electric vehicles. − Nevertheless, commercial graphite cannot satisfy the power supply demands of rapidly developed high-performance energy storage devices because of the low capacity. − Therefore, enormous efforts have been dedicated to designing and pursuing advanced alternatives with improved specific capacity, outstanding rate capability, and good long-life stability. In this regard, various carbonaceous materials, − alloy-based anodes, − and metal oxide/sulfide/selenide/phosphide anodes ,− have been explored. Among these materials, SnSe has drawn great attention as one potential candidate by virtue of the high theoretical capacity (847 mAh g –1 ), environmentally friendly nature, earth abundance, and cost effectiveness. − As a typical semiconductor material, SnSe is a layered transition metal chalcogenide with a distorted NaCl structure, which is maintained by van der Waals force between layers, facilitating lithium-ion insertion and extraction. , However, similar to other alloyed materials, the practical application of SnSe is largely hampered by the low intrinsic electrical conductivity and massive volume expansion during charge–discharge cycles, resulting in rapid capacity fading stemmed by unstable architecture and inferior rate capability induced by sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics. − …”