HPLC analysis of desmosterol, 7‐dehydrocholesterol, and cholesterol

Goh, Edward H.; Colles, Scott M.; Otte, Kimberly D.

doi:10.1007/bf02535083

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Gallstones were light yellow in color and not digitally compressible. Fifteen gallstones were pulverized individually in an agate mortar and dissolved in 2-propanol, and the cholesterol content was determined by HPLC (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lith1, a major gene affecting cholesterol gallstone formation among inbred strains of mice.

Khanuja

Cheah

Hunt

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

170

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The prevalence of cholesterol gallstones differs among inbred strains of mice fed a diet containing 15% (wt/wt) dairy fat, 1% (wt/wt) cholesterol, and 0.5% (wt/wt) cholic acid. Strains C57L, SWR, and A were notable for a high prevalence of cholelithiasis; strains C57BL/6, C3H, and SJL had an intermediate prevalence; and strains SM, AKR, and DBA/2 exhibited no cholelithiasis after consuming the diet for 18 weeks. Genetic analysis of the difference in gallstone prevalence rates between strains AKR and C57L was carried out by using the AKXL recombinant inbred strain set and (AKR x C57L)F1 x AKR backcross mice. Susceptibility to gallstone formation was found to be a dominant trait determined by at least two genes. A major gene, named Lithl, mapped to mouse chromosome 2. When examined after 6 weeks on the lithogenic diet, the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.88) was downregulated as expected in the gallstone-resistant strains, AKR and SJL, but this enzyme failed to downregulate in C57L and SWR, the gallstone-susceptible strains. This suggests that regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis may be pivotal in determining the occurrence and severity of cholesterol hypersecretion and hence lithogenicity of gallbladder bile. These studies indicate that genetic factors are critical in determining gallstone formation and that the genetic resources of the mouse model may permit these factors to be identified.Both atherosclerosis and cholelithiasis result from excess cholesterol; in the one case cholesterol is deposited in arterial walls, and in the other case cholesterol precipitates in the gallbladder. Both diseases are prevalent in cultures consuming a Western diet, and both can be induced in animal models by a diet high in cholesterol (1,2). In Western cultures, heart disease is the major cause of death, and gallstone disease is present in 10-40% of individuals over the age of 60 (3).Genetic factors apparently play an important role in the development of cholesterol gallstone disease. Among studies of gallstone formation in animals, Alexander and Portman (4) demonstrated that C57BL/6 mice are susceptible to cholelithiasis, but CBA mice are resistant. In both strains bile was supersaturated with cholesterol but not to the same degree (4). Fujihara et al. (5) reported that the prevalence of gallstones varied from 0% to 100% among six strains of laboratory mice.Evidence for the importance of genetic factors in human cholelithiasis is limited. Gallstone disease can be familial (6-11), and the bile from healthy sisters of female gallstone patients is more lithogenic than controls (11,12). In certain native populations of North and South America, a high percentage of adults develop cholesterol gallstones, suggesting common genetic factors (13,14).In previous studies, high fat plus high cholesterol diets produced atherosclerosis and gallstones in some strains of mice (15). In this report, we survey common inbred strains of mice for susceptibility to cholelith...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lith1, a major gene affecting cholesterol gallstone formation among inbred strains of mice.

Khanuja

Cheah

Hunt

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

170

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“…The cholesterol residue was then dissolved using 5 mL of hot acetonitrile and placed into siliconized, teflon-capped tubes for analyses. Cholesterol was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography according to the procedure of Goh et al (1989).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of double-muscled cattle breeds in terminal crosses: Meat quality

Gariépy¹,

Seoane²,

Cloteau³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1999. The use of double-muscled cattle breeds in terminal crosses: Meat quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 301-308. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of meat from 84 calves born from British (50% Hereford and 50% Red Angus) and Continental (50% Simmental and 50% Maine Anjou) dams inseminated with semen from normal (Charolais) or double-muscled (Piedmontese, Belgian Blue) sires. Lean composition of Belgian Blue and Piedmontese sired cattle had less intramuscular fat and more protein than Charolais sired cattle (P < 0.01 to 0.05). Breed of sire, origin of dam or calf sex had no effect on longissimus ultimate pH, thawing and cooking losses, shear forces, tenderness and overall flavour. However, meat from male progeny displayed higher drip loss (P < 0.05) and meat colour of male calves born from British dams was slightly more saturated than that of male calves born from Continental dams (P < 0.02). There were no other single effects of parental traits on meat quality. Significant interactions on total and soluble collagen content involving parental traits together with the single sex effect of the progeny (P < 0.05) did not induce textural differences, but meat from male progeny and that from Continental dams crossed with Belgian Blue sires was more juicy (P < 0.05). The use of DM bulls in terminal crosses resulted in increased lean yield and less marbling of the meat of the progeny but did not exert any other important effect on meat quality. Key words:Beef, double-muscling, meat quality Gariépy, C., Seoane, J. R., Cloteau, C., Martin, J. F. et Roy, G. L. 1999. Utilisation des races à double musculature en croisements terminaux: qualité de la viande. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 301-308. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer la qualité de la viande de 84 veaux nés de mères des races anglaises (50% Hereford et 50% Red Angus) et continentales (50% Simmental et 50% Maine Anjou) inséminées avec la semence de taureaux normaux (Charolais) ou à double musculature (Piedmontais, Blanc Bleu Belge). Le muscle des veaux Blanc Bleu Belge et Piedmontais contenait moins de gras intramusculaire et plus de protéine que celui des veaux Charolais (P < 0,01 à 0,05). La race du père, l'origin de la mère et le sexe des veaux n'eurent aucun effet sur le pH ultime, les pertes à la décongélation et à la cuisson, les forces de cisaillement, la tendreté et la saveur globale du longissimus dorsi. Cependant, la viande de la progéniture mâle fut plus exsudative (P < 0,05) et la couleur de la viande des mâles issus des mères anglaises fut légèrement plus saturée que celle des mâles issus des mères continentales (P < 0,02). Il n'y eut aucun autre effet simple des caractères parentaux sur la qualité ultime de la viande. Des interactions significatives impliquant les effets parentaux ainsi qu'un effet simple du sexe de la progéniture furent identifiés sur les fractions totales et solubles du collagène (P < 0,05), mais n'induisirent aucune différence de texture de la viande. La viande de la progéniture mâle et celle provenant de mères Con...

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“…The common procedure used for sterol analysis in food, oil, and biological samples consists of a preliminary extraction of the total lipids with an organic solvent, followed by saponification and isolation of the unsaponifiable fraction, which is then analyzed using a variety of procedures including enzymatic [26,27], colorimetric [28], capillary gas liquid chromatographic (GC) [29,30,31,32], and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques [33,34,35]. Among these analytical techniques, GC and HPLC are more reliable, selective, and accurate because interference from other components can be easily resolved [36,37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidal Compounds in Commercial Parenteral Lipid Emulsions

Harvey

Pavlina

et al. 2012

Nutrients

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Parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions made from various plant oils contain steroidal compounds, called phytosterols. During parenteral administration of lipid emulsions, phytosterols can reach levels in the blood that are many fold higher than during enteral administration. The elevated phytosterol levels have been associated with the development of liver dysfunction and the rare development of liver failure. There is limited information available in the literature related to phytosterol concentrations in lipid emulsions. The objective of the current study was to validate an assay for steroidal compounds found in lipid emulsions and to compare their concentrations in the most commonly used parenteral nutrition lipid emulsions: Liposyn® II, Liposyn® III, Lipofundin® MCT, Lipofundin® N, Structolipid®, Intralipid®, Ivelip® and ClinOleic®. Our data demonstrates that concentrations of the various steroidal compounds varied greatly between the eight lipid emulsions, with the olive oil-based lipid emulsion containing the lowest levels of phytosterols and cholesterol, and the highest concentration of squalene. The clinical impression of greater incidences of liver dysfunction with soybean versus MCT/LCT and olive/soy lipid emulsions may be reflective of the levels of phytosterols in these emulsions. This information may help guide future studies and clinical care of patients with lipid emulsion-associated liver dysfunction.

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HPLC analysis of desmosterol, 7‐dehydrocholesterol, and cholesterol

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Lith1, a major gene affecting cholesterol gallstone formation among inbred strains of mice.

Lith1, a major gene affecting cholesterol gallstone formation among inbred strains of mice.

The use of double-muscled cattle breeds in terminal crosses: Meat quality

Steroidal Compounds in Commercial Parenteral Lipid Emulsions

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