“…It is composed mainly of carbohydrates and water, as well as other less abundant constituents such as: pollen, phenolic compounds, minerals, proteins, and amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, and organic acids (Belhaj et al, 2015). Aspects of its use indicate that honey functions as a food preservative as it contains bioactive components that act as preservatives, namely phenolic compounds, α-tocopherols, flavonoids, and some enzymes (Maaria et al, 2018;Ren et al, 2019;Sari et al, 2019). It also plays an important role in reducing the risk of immune system decline, the prevention of heart disease, cancer, and inflammation (Swapna et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019).…”