HPLC detection of organic gunshot residues collected with silicone wristbands

Abstract

An HPLC method was developed for detection of organic gunshot residues extracted from silicone wristbands used as passive sampling devices.

Silicone Wristbands in Exposure Assessment: Analytical Considerations and Comparison with Other Approaches

“…The cost of applying this technique can vary heavily depending on the amount and purity of solvents used per a number of wristbands or their weight. Agitation of a wash was obtained most commonly via the use of a magnetic plate stirrer [ 65 ], an orbital (at the speed of 60–120 rotations per minute) [ 18 , 20 , 71 ], platform (60 rpm) [ 68 ], or overhead (60 rpm) shaker [ 24 ], with one study using ultrasonication for that purpose [ 78 ]. Performing an agitated wash can be considered more accessible, as it requires the use of common laboratory equipment, unlike Soxhlet extraction.…”

“…This stage of sample preparation had been carried out in the reviewed research papers by washing post-exposure wristbands in a solvent. Most commonly a cycle (or series of cycles) of agitated WB wash(es) were performed, with the use of either an orbital shaker [ 18 , 20 , 36 , 45 , 48 , 59 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 75 , 77 ], an overhead shaker [ 24 , 71 ], a magnetic stir plate [ 65 ], Soxhlet extraction [ 51 ], or sonication [ 21 , 28 , 47 , 58 , 63 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 78 ]. The most frequently applied solvent of choice was ethyl acetate [ 20 , 24 , 55 ].…”

Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure

“…Study participants can wear these samplers as a wristband, lapel, dog tag, or other configuration ( Dixon et al 2020 ; O'Connell et al 2014; Poutasse et al 2020 ). Since silicone wearables were first reported on in 2014, they have been used in over 30 exposure assessment studies and have been worn by thousands of people on six continents ( Bullock et al, 2020 , Craig et al, 2019 , De Vecchi et al, 2019 , Dixon et al, 2020 , Hammel et al, 2020 , Hendryx et al, 2020 , Reche et al, 2020 , Reddam et al, 2020 , Rohlman et al, 2019 ; Wang et al 2019a; Wang et al 2019b; Wise et al, 2020 , Zuy et al, 2020 ). Silicone wearables are passive sampling devices, which sequester the fraction of chemicals that are available to transport across cellular membranes ( Anderson and Hillwalker 2008 ; O'Connell et al 2014).…”

A new visual and stable fluorescent Cu-MOF as a dual-function sensor for glyphosate and Cr2O72−

“…Some detection techniques that exist today include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography (LC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), atomic absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques (EC). [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Although these methods have accuracy and high sensitivity, the machines used are expensive and inconvenient to operate. In contrast, the fluorescence detection method has the advantages of fast response, low cost, high accuracy, and easy operation.…”