HPT Models: An Overview of the Major Models in the Field

Abstract

migrated and evolved from those principles. Gustafson and Branch (1997) state that ''the role of models in instructional design is to provide us with conceptual and communication tools that we can use to visualize, direct, and manage processes'' (p. 18). The key concept here is the ability of the individual, when looking at any complex activity, to conceptualize a myriad of causal relationships and chart them in some manner that can be communicated to others. A given model's criterion must enable HPT analysts to accurately conceptualize a suspected performance problem in a given business environment. The ability to visualize and then communicate the process logic to others will be the true measurement of any HPT model's effectiveness and suitability for use.Stolovitch and Keeps (1992) report that early HPT practitioners attempted to use linear instructional design models to describe performance technology processes. These linear models did not always accurately describe the environment or inter-relationships in sophisticated, multifaceted business processes. As a result, the early pioneers in the HPT field began to develop their own unique models. The diversity and complexity of the analyzed environments, coupled with different perspectives and backgrounds of the profession's pioneers, have created a large number of models, many of which are still emerging and evolving. HPT PIONEERSThe works of Gilbert, Harless, Mager, and Rummler became the principles of the foundations for performance analysis and HPT modeling theory (Rosenberg, Coscarelli, & Hutchinson, 1992). Many have acknowledged Thomas Gilbert to be the ''father of performance technology'' (Dean, 1998). Gilbert felt that improving the performance of people must begin with identifying and resolving the environmental barriers, thus enabling the people (performers) to achieve maximum performance (Dean, 1997).Another performance technology pioneer who continued with Gilbert's diagnostic approach was Joe Harless. Harless believed that understanding the cause of a problem should drive any solution (Ripley, 1997). This belief would eventually become the process of front-end analysis as reflected in his first performance technology process model (Figure 1.1). This model had a clear focus on the early determination of goals and performance during the analysis phase. Later, Harless revised his original model so that it included the four phases of analysis, design, development and testing, and implementation and evaluation, which became well known by its abbreviation, ADDIE (Figure 1.2). Harless proposed to the performance technology disciples that a partnership and business focus should exist in order to apply the most costeffective intervention.

Performance Improvement: A Key to Success in International Development Projects

“…Most frequently, its tools are either responding to the experiences and requirements of practitioners or derived from theories or practices of other fields. There are nevertheless a number of useful PI theories (including those of Thomas Gilbert and Richard Swanson) and models (such as those described in Wilmoth, Prigmore, & Bray, 2009) that guide practitioners and researchers.…”

Human Performance Technology Applied to Supermarkets in India

“…It was determined that poor inventory management, long approval periods, and frequent employee turnover were the reasons for poor sales performance in the supermarkets.HUMAN PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGY (HPT) is a process that solves performance problems. Practitioners use different types of models such as diagnostic, process, and holistic (Wilmoth, Prigmore, & Bray, 2002 ). Diagnostic models tell us where HPT can be applied.…”

“…HUMAN PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGY (HPT) is a process that solves performance problems. Practitioners use different types of models such as diagnostic, process, and holistic (Wilmoth, Prigmore, & Bray, 2002 ). Diagnostic models tell us where HPT can be applied.…”

The HPT model applied to a kayak company's registration process

“…This article uses the traditional HPT process of International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) as its guideline model for this performance case analysis (see Figure 1). The true measurement of any HPT model's effectiveness and suitability for use is its ability to visualize and then communicate the process logic to others (Wilmoth, Prigmore, & Bray, 2002). This model has been an excellent guideline for the performance technologists to visualize the process and communicate the process logic to the client.…”