HPV‐associated skin disease

Akgül, Baki; Cooke, James C.; Storey, Alan

doi:10.1002/path.1893

Cited by 200 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…In the five patients exhibiting more than 5 tumors, HPV5 alone or in multiple infections was found in 38 (66%) of the 58 lesions present on these 5 patients. Considering just the genotypes belonging to species 1, including HPV5, 8,12,14,19,24,25,36 and 93, 61 tumors (77%) turned out to be positive for at least one genotype. For the lesions split into more formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks (n ¼ 36), at least one b1-genotype was consistently found in 15 (42%) of them (data not shown).…”

Section: B-hpv-type Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Although they appear not to cause overt clinical symptoms in a great majority of infected individuals, they can cause cancer, either in skin or in genital sites, particularly in subjects with impaired immune function. [21][22][23][24][25] To date, more than 150 HPV types have been completely sequenced and classified into five genera (and a series of intragenus species, indicated by Arabic numbers) based on DNA sequence analysis. 26,27 Of these, Alphapapillomaviruses (a-HPVs) are associated with genital cancer (eg, HPV16 and 18) and some genotypes with common skin warts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Improved detection reveals active β-papillomavirus infection in skin lesions from kidney transplant recipients

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to determine whether detection of b-HPV gene products, as defined in epidermodysplasia verruciformis skin cancer, could also be observed in lesions from kidney transplant recipients alongside the viral DNA. A total of 111 samples, corresponding to 79 skin lesions abscised from 17 kidney transplant recipients, have been analyzed. The initial PCR analysis demonstrated that b-HPV-DNA was highly present in our tumor series (85%). Using a combination of antibodies raised against the E4 and L1 proteins of the b-genotypes, we were able to visualize productive infection in 4 out of 19 actinic keratoses, and in the pathological borders of 1 out of 14 squamous cell carcinomas and 1 out of 31 basal cell carcinomas. Increased expression of the cellular proliferation marker minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7), that extended into the upper epithelial layers, was a common feature of all the E4-positive areas, indicating that cells were driven into the cell cycle in areas of productive viral infections. Although the present study does not directly demonstrate a causal role of these viruses, the detection of E4 and L1 positivity in actinic keratosis and the adjacent pathological epithelium of skin cancer, clearly shows that b-HPV are actively replicating in the intraepidermal precursor lesions of kidney transplant recipients and can therefore cooperate with other carcinogenic agents, such as UVB, favoring skin cancer promotion. Modern Pathology (2014) 27, 1101-1115; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013.240; published online 3 January 2014Keywords: b-HPV; immunosuppression; kidney transplant recipients; skin cancer; viral life cycle Solid organ transplantation is a treatment offered to an increasing number of patients with end-stage organ diseases. Although lifesaving, organ transplantation is associated with an overall three-to fivefold increased risk of malignancies. 1-4 Most of these cancers are caused by reactivated viruses whose oncogenic potential is suppressed by immunological reactions in healthy individuals, like Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, caused by the reactivation of human herpesvirus type 8, and Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin, associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus. [5][6][7][8][9] Of the cancers presenting in organ transplant recipients that have no established infectious etiology, skin cancer is the most frequent form (95%), including squamous and basal cell carcinomas. [10][11][12][13] The incidence of skin cancer, the most common cancer in fair-skinned populations, is at least 50-fold higher in organ transplant recipients. 14-16 Large numbers of skin tumors (often more than 10) tend to develop over time in these at-risk subjects, thus

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Section: B-hpv-type Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved detection reveals active β-papillomavirus infection in skin lesions from kidney transplant recipients

et al. 2014

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“…To our knowledge, this study is the first to shed light on the seroprevalence of a broad variety of skin HPV types in immunocompetent populations of three countries living at different latitudes and thus sunlight intensities. Increased prevalences of HPV DNA and antibodies in cutaneous SCC cases compared with healthy controls have been reported a number of times (reviewed by Akgul et al, 2006;Casabonne et al, 2007), but the question of whether this reflects a causal contribution of HPV cannot be answered without knowing whether the main risk factor for SCC, UV exposure, also has a direct effect on HPV. Therefore, we concentrated our analyses on markers for sun sensitivity and UV exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses to 26 skin human papillomavirus types in the Netherlands, Italy and Australia

Waterboer

Neale

Michael

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Solar UV radiation is the main risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but infections with skin human papillomavirus (HPV) types have also been linked to the development of SCC. Little is known about the natural history of these infections and whether the seroprevalence of skin HPV types is affected by ambient or individual levels of sun exposure. This study investigated this by analysing sera for antibodies to 26 skin HPV types from five phylogenetic genera obtained from 807 healthy individuals from the Netherlands, Italy and Australia, countries with strong differences in sunlight intensity. Overall HPV seroprevalence was similar across the three countries (50-57 % for b-HPV types, 40-48 % for c-HPV types), and the most frequent b-HPV and c-HPV types were the same in all countries. The highest seroprevalences for 24 of the 26 skin HPV types were observed in Italy (14 types) and Australia (ten types). Seroprevalence among men was generally higher than among women, and the male sex was significantly associated with both b-HPV [odds ratio (OR) 2.81, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.64-4.82] and c-HPV (OR 2.42, 95 % CI 1.40-4.18) antibodies in Australia. The only measure of sun sensitivity or UV exposure significantly associated with skin HPV seroprevalence was found for weekend sun exposure in Australia and b-HPV antibodies. It was concluded that type spectra and HPV seroprevalence are similar in countries with different sunlight intensity, and that levels of UV exposure do not play a strong role in the development of skin HPV antibodies in this study population.

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“…HPV-positive NMSC display low apoptotic rates and have lower levels of Bak protein than HPV-negative NMSC. The suppression of UV-induced apoptosis has been proposed as a general mechanism by which cutaneous HPVs can promote skin cancer development [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of HPV E6 proteins in preventing UVB-induced release of pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondria

Leverrier¹,

Bergamaschi²,

Ghali

et al. 2006

Apoptosis

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Apoptotic elimination of UV-damaged cells from the epidermis is an important step in preventing both the emergence and expansion of cells with carcinogenic potential. A pivotal event in apoptosis is the release of apoptogenic factors from the mitochondria, although the mechanisms by which the different proteins are released are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that UV radiation induced the mitochondrial to nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in normal skin. The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein prevented release of AIF and other apoptotic factors such as cytochrome c and Omi from mitochondria of UV-damaged primary epidermal keratinocytes and preserved mitochondrial integrity. shRNA silencing of Bak, a target for E6-mediated proteolysis, demonstrated the requirement of Bak for UV-induced AIF release and mitochondrial fragmentation. Furthermore, screening non-melanoma skin cancer biopsies revealed an inverse correlation between

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HPV‐associated skin disease

Cited by 200 publications

References 128 publications

Improved detection reveals active β-papillomavirus infection in skin lesions from kidney transplant recipients

Improved detection reveals active β-papillomavirus infection in skin lesions from kidney transplant recipients

Antibody responses to 26 skin human papillomavirus types in the Netherlands, Italy and Australia

Role of HPV E6 proteins in preventing UVB-induced release of pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondria

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