HPV prevalence in the foreskins of asymptomatic healthy infants and children: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Lee, Bora; Lee, Sang Wook; Kim, Dae In; Kim, Jae Heon

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07506-z

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lee et al conducted a meta‐analysis to analyze HPV prevalence in the foreskins of infants and children (0‐15 years old) and observed the prevalence of general HPV, high‐risk HPV, low‐risk HPV, HPV 16/18, HPV 16, and HPV 18 were 17.3, 12.1, 2.4, 4.8, 1.7, and 0, respectively. The findings of non‐zero HPV prevalence in children could be explained by non‐sexual HPV transmission in asymptomatic infants and children, once this study only included non‐abused subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of infection and analysis of HPV subtypes in girls younger than 9 years old attended at a referral service in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Sartori

Agostini

Tovar

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in adults and adolescents and is associated with genital warts and cervical cancer. However, it has been detected in girls younger than 10 years old. Currently, there are no prevention methods for this age group, since it is not considered a risk group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of infection and HPV subtype in girls under 9 years old attended at a referral service in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Forty-three girls younger than 9 years old had gynecological brush samples collected from vulval and perineal/anal regions. Viral detection and subtyping were done using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Statistics was performed using Action Stat 3.1. The mean age of girls was 6.1 years. Sexual activity and abuse were not reported by 95.3%. Family stories showed viral infection in 9.3% of mothers, 4.7% of fathers and 9.3% of caretakers. None of these were related with the children infection. In the only case of mother's gestational HPV infection, the daughter tested negative. Genital warts and infection were observed in 7% and 13.9% of the patients, respectively. Viral subtypes detected were 6, 11, 38, and 42. These results demonstrate the presence of HPV infection in girls under 9 years of age. Prevalence studies are needed in order to evaluate a possible alteration in age of vaccination policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of infection and analysis of HPV subtypes in girls younger than 9 years old attended at a referral service in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Sartori

Agostini

Tovar

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…In developed countries, high alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking account for the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer. Furthermore, immunosuppressed people, and women whose partners are uncircumcised, are at higher risk due to low genital HPV clearance and high HPV prevalence in the foreskin of uncircumcised men, respectively ( 33 , 64 , 65 ). This indicates that in addition to the use of HPV vaccines and condoms, the circumcision of males at a young age would be an important HPV prevention strategy.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hpv Infection and Related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation

Kombe

Zahid

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

353

276

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Diagnosed in more than 90% of cervical cancers, the fourth deadliest cancer in women, human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently the most common pathogen responsible for female cancers. Moreover, HPV infection is associated with many other diseases, including cutaneous and anogenital warts, and genital and upper aerodigestive tract cancers. The incidence and prevalence of these pathologies vary considerably depending on factors including HPV genotype, regional conditions, the study population, and the anatomical site sampled. Recently, features of the cervicovaginal microbiota are found to be associated with the incidence of HPV-related diseases, presenting a novel approach to identify high-risk women through both blood and cervical samples. Overall, the HPV repartition data show that HPV infection and related diseases are more prevalent in developing countries. Moreover, the available (2-, 4-, and 9-valent) vaccines based on virus-like particles, despite their proven effectiveness and safety, present some limitations in terms of system development cost, transport cold chain, and oncogenic HPV variants. In addition, vaccination programs face some challenges, leading to a considerable burden of HPV infection and related diseases. Therefore, even though the new (9-valent) vaccine seems promising, next-generation vaccines as well as awareness programs associated with HPV vaccination and budget reinforcements for immunization are needed.

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“…HPV is spread via direct skin to skin con tact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected indi vidual even in the absence in the latter of the clinical manifestations. There are also other modes of horizontal and vertical virus transmission [22,23], as evidenced by frequent detection of HPV, including HR HPV, in the foreskin of children and adolescents [24]. Vertical HPV transmission from mother to fetus has been also docu mented [25,26].…”

Section: Hpv Transmission Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenesis Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection. Mechanisms and Potential for Immunotherapy

Shabaeva

Runov

Лебедева

et al. 2019

Biochemistry Moscow

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for approximately 5% of all cancers and is associated with 30% of all pathogen related cancers. Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide; about 70% of cervical cancer cases are caused by the high risk HPVs (HR HPVs) of genotypes 16 and 18. HPV infection occurs mainly through sexual contact; however, viral transmission via horizontal and vertical pathways is also possible. After HPV infec tion of basal keratinocytes or ecto endocervical transition zone cells, viral DNA persists in the episomal form. In most cases, infected cells are eliminated by the immune system. Occasionally, elimination fails, and HPV infection becomes chronic. Replication of HPVs in dividing epithelial cells is accompanied by increased expression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. These oncoproteins are responsible for genomic instability, disruption of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, immortalization, and malignant transformation of HPV infected cells. Besides, E6 and E7 oncoproteins induce immunosuppression, pre venting the detection of HPV infected and transformed cells by the immune system. HPV integration into the genome of the host cell leads to the upregulation of E6 and E7 expression and contributes to HPV associated malignization. Prophylactic HPV vaccines can prevent over 80% of HPV associated anogenital cancers. The vaccine elicits immune response that prevents initial infection with a given HPV type but does not eliminate persistent virus once infection has occurred and does not prevent development of the HPV associated neoplasias, which necessitates the development of ther apeutic vaccines to treat chronic HPV infections and HPV associated malignancies.

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HPV prevalence in the foreskins of asymptomatic healthy infants and children: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Presence of infection and analysis of HPV subtypes in girls younger than 9 years old attended at a referral service in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Presence of infection and analysis of HPV subtypes in girls younger than 9 years old attended at a referral service in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation

Carcinogenesis Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection. Mechanisms and Potential for Immunotherapy

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