HPV Vaccination: Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Serbia and in Europe

Stark, Holger; Živković, Aleksandra

doi:10.2478/afmnai-2018-0001

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…overdiagnosis and overtreatment in the future. 11 HPV examination has better performance than IVA and cytology examination. Low-cost HPV testing continues to be improved and may be implemented.…”

Section: Early Detection / Screeningmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Testing techniques have also been improved so that patients can carry out the examination independently. 11 The sensitivity of the HPV test is higher than that of IVA, but in some low-resource countries it shows a high prevalence of HPV where more than 30% of women may test positive if a highrisk strain of HPV is tested.…”

Section: Early Detection / Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Achieving this goal requires strategic action, and WHO outlines the actions needed in its global strategy, WHO's vision is for a world where cervical cancer is eliminated as a public health problem and safeguards the agenda by 2030. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WHO Global Strategy in Eradication of Cervical Cancer

et al. 2021

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WHO has created a global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical canceras a public health problem and a world burden. Cervical cancer is a disease thatcan be prevented and cured, as long as it is detected early and treated effectively.Cervical cancer is also a disease that reflects global injustice. The burden isgreatest in low- and middle-income countries, where access to public healthservices is limited and screening and treatment for the disease has not been widelyapplied. In 2018, nearly 90% of all deaths worldwide occurred in low and middleincome countries. Furthermore, the proportion of women with cervical cancer whodie from the disease is more than 60% in these countries, more than double thenumber in many high-income countries, which is only 30%.

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Section: Early Detection / Screeningmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Early Detection / Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WHO Global Strategy in Eradication of Cervical Cancer

et al. 2021

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“…LR-HPV tipe 6 dan 11, dapat menyebabkan kutil kelamin yang umum atau lesi hiperproliferatif jinak dengan kecenderungan tidak berkembang menjadi ganas, sementara infeksi HR-HPV, terutama HPV tipe 16 dan 18, merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya lesi pra-ganas dan ganas pada kanker serviks invasif. 3,4 Kanker serviks tidak terjadi dalam waktu yang singkat. Butuh waktu sekitar 5-10 tahun dari sejak infeksi pertama sampai berkembang menjadi kanker invasif.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Patogenesis Human Papillomavirus (HPV) pada Kanker Serviks

Evriarti

Yasmon²

2019

jbmi

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Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. The main cause of the development of cervical cancer is due to persistent infection of a high-risk type (HR) - Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The mechanisms of HPV in causing cervical cancer are discussed in this article that collected from current information published in a scientific journal. The main target of HPV infection is the basal layer of cervical epithelia and the virus could reach its target when there is a microabrasion of epithelial cells. The HPV binds to its specific receptor on the host cellular surface and followed by the entering virus into the cytoplasm through the endocytosis process. After successfully entering the cell, the virus will uncoat and begin the replication process by hijacking the transcription and translation system of host cells. E6 and E7 proteins play an important role in the inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb, causing the cells to uncontrolled divide (immortal). If the immune response failed to interfere with the replication process and eliminates HPV-infected cells, the HPV infection will lead to cervical cancer. In conclusion, the mechanism of HPV causing cervical cancer is complex and involves important proteins of HPV. AbstrakKanker serviks merupakan kanker paling banyak kedua yang diderita oleh perempuan di dunia. Penyebab utama dari perkembangan kanker serviks yakni adanya infeksi yang persisten tipe high risk (HR) – Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Artikel ini disusun untuk mengetahui mekanisme HPV dalam menimbulkan kanker serviks. Uraian dan tulisan mengenai isi artikel ini diperoleh dengan melakukan beberapa studi literatur yang terkait dengan HPV dalam menyebabkan kanker serviks. HPV dalam perannya menimbulkan kanker serviks diawali dengan masuknya HPV ke dalam lapisan sel epitel pejamu karena adanya mikroabrasi atau luka kecil. Bila berhasil melakukan pelekatan pada sel epitel serviks melalui reseptornya, virus akan diendositosis dan masuk ke dalam sel. Setelah berhasil masuk sel, virus akan mengalami uncoating, kemudian virus akan memulai proses replikasinya dengan cara mengambil alih sistem transkripsi dan translasi sel pejamu. Protein E6 dan E7 berperan penting dalam hal ini karena adanya kedua protein tersebut menghalangi kerja dari protein supressor tumor p53 dan pRb sehingga sel menjadi imortal dan pembelahan sel menjadi tidak terkendali. Apabila proses ini terakumulasi tanpa berhasil dieliminasi oleh sistem imun, infeksi oleh virus HPV dapat menjadi persisten dan timbul suatu keganasan berupa kanker serviks. Dari paparan tersebut, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa mekanisme HPV dalam menyebabkan kanker serviks merupakan mekanisme yang cukup kompleks dan melibatkan protein-protein penting yang ada dalam genom HPV.

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“…Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women aged 65 years and over (1). It is also the fifth cause of death in female cancer deaths, and the second cause of death in women aged 15 -44 years (2). By the Pap smear screening program, this disease can be diagnosed early, with reduction of death rate (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of transcutaneous auricular stimulation on anxiety before colposcopy: A randomized clinical trial

Jouya¹,

Golmakani²

2020

Acta fac medic Naissensis

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Women experience a high level of anxiety and negative emotional responses during colposcopy, which results in women's' unwillingness to return for follow-up. Transcutaneous auricular stimulation may be useful in reducing anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of transcutaneous auricular stimulation on anxiety before colposcopy. This randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed on 65 female candidates for colposcopy who were referred to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2017. Women were randomized into one of the two groups. In the intervention group, a pointer Excel device was used for forty minutes before colposcopy; electrical stimulation at 4 points (Shenmen, relaxation, tranquillizer and endocrine) was performed on ears, with the frequency of 2 Hz for 30 seconds at each point. Women received routine care in the control group. The anxiety level was assessed by Spielberger Questionnaire before intervention and also 40 minutes after intervention. Data analysis was performed using the t-test, paired t-test, and MannWhitney test in SPSS software, version16. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. After intervention, the state anxiety score was 43.9 ± 9.19 in the control group and 54.3 ± 9.07 in the intervention group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.00), while there was no significant difference in the level of trait anxiety in the two groups (P = 0.21). Regarding the reduction of state anxiety level after intervention, transcutaneous auricular stimulation is recommended as a suitable method to reduce anxiety of patients who are candidates for colposcopy.

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HPV Vaccination: Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Serbia and in Europe

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

WHO Global Strategy in Eradication of Cervical Cancer

WHO Global Strategy in Eradication of Cervical Cancer

Patogenesis Human Papillomavirus (HPV) pada Kanker Serviks

The effect of transcutaneous auricular stimulation on anxiety before colposcopy: A randomized clinical trial

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