HPV vaccines: their pathology-based discovery, benefits, and adverse effects

Nicol, Alcina F.; Andrade, Cecília Vianna de; Russomano, Fábio Bastos; Rodrigues, Luana S.L.; Oliveira, Nathalia Silva; Provance, David William; Nuovo, Gerard J.

doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.07.008

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, other reasons affecting HPV vaccine non-recommendation to boys were concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. This is surprising because the safety and the efficacy, of the HPV vaccine have been determined in multiple studies [ 32 – 34 ] and there is accumulating evidence that adverse events are rare [ 35 , 36 ]. However, similar concerns about the usefulness of vaccines were noted in previous studies among pediatric health care professionals [ 30 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary care pediatricians’ attitudes and practice towards HPV vaccination: A nationwide survey in Italy

et al. 2018

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This national online cross-sectional survey in Italy assessed primary care pediatricians’ (PCPs) attitudes and practices regarding Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and the contribution of several characteristics. The questionnaire was distributed from September 2016 to June 2017 to a random sample of 640 PCPs by email via an internet-link leading to a web-based survey platform (Lime Survey). Only 18.4% of PCPs always recommend the HPV vaccine to 11–12 year old boys. PCPs with longer practice activity, working in solo practice, always recommended the HPV vaccine to 11–12 year old girls, and believed that the vaccine was effective for boys were more likely to always recommend the HPV vaccine. PCPs working in a Region where the vaccination was actively recommended and provided free of charge to 11–12 year old boys had higher odds of recommending vaccination. More than two thirds of PCPs (77.4%) always recommend the HPV vaccine to 11–12 year old girls. PCPs who believed that the vaccine was effective for girls and safe in both boys and girls, who always talk with patients of 11–18 years or their parents about HPV infection and vaccination, and who obtain vaccine information from scientific journals were more likely to always recommend the vaccine. PCPs should employ evidence-based educational strategies in order to achieve a better coverage and to reduce the morbidities and mortality of diseases associated with HPV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary care pediatricians’ attitudes and practice towards HPV vaccination: A nationwide survey in Italy

et al. 2018

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“…In addition to therapy, three vaccines against HPV are available: Gardasil (against subtypes 6, 11, 16 and 18), Gardasil 9 (against subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, 6 and 11) and Cervarix (against subtypes 16 and 18). These vaccines have proven to be very useful tools in the prevention of HPV infections[ 15 , 16 ], but they are prophylactic, and their availability is limited, especially in developing regions, which have the highest cervical cancer prevalence[ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of several high-risk HPV inhibitors and drug targets with a novel high-throughput screening assay

et al. 2017

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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are oncogenic viruses that cause numerous different cancers as well as benign lesions in the epithelia. To date, there is no effective cure for an ongoing HPV infection. Here, we describe the generation process of a platform for the development of anti-HPV drugs. This system consists of engineered full-length HPV genomes that express reporter genes for evaluation of the viral copy number in all three HPV replication stages. We demonstrate the usefulness of this system by conducting high-throughput screens to identify novel high-risk HPV-specific inhibitors. At least five of the inhibitors block the function of Tdp1 and PARP1, which have been identified as essential cellular proteins for HPV replication and promising candidates for the development of antivirals against HPV and possibly against HPV-related cancers.

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“…Commercial vaccines targeting the major capsid protein, L1, have been applied successfully to protect against high-risk HPV—for example, a new 9-valent vaccine for HPV was developed recently that protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 [ 3 ]. However, the efficacy of vaccines is still genotype specific and vaccines provide little therapeutic benefit against existing infection [ 8 ]. Understanding the antigenic nature of the HPV capsid offers an opportunity to discover structural features that are crucial to capsid integrity and conserved across species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Antibody V5 and U4 Conformational Epitopes on Human Papillomavirus 16

Guan

Bywaters

Brendle

et al. 2017

Viruses

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Cancers attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) place a huge burden on the health of both men and women. The current commercial vaccines are genotype specific and provide little therapeutic benefit to patients with existing HPV infections. Identifying the conformational epitopes on the virus capsid supports the development of improved recombinant vaccines to maximize long-term protection against multiple types of HPV. Fragments of antibody (Fab) digested from the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies H16.V5 (V5) and H16.U4 (U4) were bound to HPV16 capsids and the structures of the two virus-Fab complexes were solved to near atomic resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. The structures reveal virus conformational changes, the Fab-binding mode to the capsid, the residues comprising the epitope and indicate a potential interaction of U4 with the minor structural protein, L2. Competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed V5 outcompetes U4 when added sequentially, demonstrating a steric interference even though the footprints do not overlap. Combined with our previously reported immunological and structural results, we propose that the virus may initiate host entry through an interaction between the icosahedral five-fold vertex of the capsid and receptors on the host cell. The highly detailed epitopes identified for the two antibodies provide a framework for continuing biochemical, genetic and biophysical studies.

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HPV vaccines: their pathology-based discovery, benefits, and adverse effects

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Primary care pediatricians’ attitudes and practice towards HPV vaccination: A nationwide survey in Italy

Primary care pediatricians’ attitudes and practice towards HPV vaccination: A nationwide survey in Italy

Identification of several high-risk HPV inhibitors and drug targets with a novel high-throughput screening assay

High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Antibody V5 and U4 Conformational Epitopes on Human Papillomavirus 16

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