HTLV-1 cosmopolitan and HTLV-2 subtype b among pregnant women of non-endemic areas of Argentina

Berini, Carolina Andrea; Delfino, Cecilia María; Torres, Òscar; Garcı́a, Gabriela; Espejo, Rogelio; Pianciola, Luis; Juárez, Mirna; Arribere, Graciela; Nadal, M.; Eirin, María Emilia; Biglione, Mirna

doi:10.1136/sextrans-2012-050594

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies in high-endemic areas of Brazil and Africa have reported prevalence rates similar to values found in this study [2, 28], corroborating that Jujuy province is a high endemic area for HTLV-1 infection, with prevalence rates much higher than values recognized in other regions of the country [29–31]. In other high-endemic areas of the world, such as Japan, the prevalence of HTLV-1 is 38.5% among relatives of infected individuals [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Silent dissemination of HTLV-1 in an endemic area of Argentina. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMolecular and epidemiological studies of transmission routes and risk factors for infection by HTLV-1 are extremely important in order to implement control measures, especially because of the high prevalence of HTLV-1 in several regions of the world. San Salvador de Jujuy, Northwest Argentina, is a highly endemic area for HTLV-1 and foci of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy.ObjectiveTo gain further insight into the role of intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1 in a highly endemic region in Argentina.MethodCross-sectional study in Northwest Argentina. Epidemiological data and blood samples were collected from 28 HTLV-1 infected subjects (index cases) and 92 close relatives/cohabitants. HTLV-1 infection was diagnosed by detection of antibodies and proviral DNA. The LTR region was sequenced and analyzed for genetic distances (VESPA software), in addition to determination and identification of polymorphisms to define HTLV-1 family signatures.ResultsFifty seven of the 120 subjects enrolled had antibodies against HTLV-1 and were typified as HTLV-1 by PCR. The prevalence rate of HTLV-1 infection in family members of infected index cases was 31.52% (29/92). The infection was significantly associated with gender, age and prolonged lactation. Identity of LTR sequences and presence of polymorphisms revealed high prevalence of mother-to-child and interspousal transmission of HTLV-1 among these families.ConclusionThere is an ongoing and silent transmission of HTLV-1 through vertical and sexual routes within family clusters in Northwest Argentina. This evidence highlights that HTLV-1 infection should be considered as a matter of public health in Argentina, in order to introduce preventive measures as prenatal screening and breastfeeding control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Silent dissemination of HTLV-1 in an endemic area of Argentina. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission

et al. 2017

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“…An international study that analyzed Indians from Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Chile found HTLV-2 positivity of up to 57.9% in the Kayapo, Brazil, 34.8% in Alacalf, Chile and 16.4% in the Chaco, Paraguay [437]. Higher HTLV-2 positivity has also been demonstrated for Amerindians populations from Argentina, such as the Toba (10-36.4%), Gran Chaco (22%), Mataco (3%) and Mapuches (2%) [284,290,[385][386][387]412,437,[440][441][442][443]. Other Amerindians that exhibited an almost exclusive HTLV-2 prevalence were those from the Gran Chaco region of Paraguay (4-44%) [355,442], Boca Colorado (4.54%) and Galilea (2.38%) in Peru [443] and the Yaruro/Guahibo (24.8-61%) and the Pume (5%) in Venezuela [444][445][446].…”

Section: Htlv Prevalence and Morbidity In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…HTLV prevalence in central provinces ranged from 0% to 0.2% (0.028-0.26% HTLV-1; 0.007-0.03% HTLV-2) [281,282,284,285,[287][288][289][290][291][292][294][295][296]384]. In contrast, this incidence is increased up to 9.8% of HTLV-1 in Jujuy [280,292,385,386], and to 31.5% when Jujuy family clusters were studied [387]. Surprisingly, other Northern Argentinean cities reported low HTLV positivity, namely 0.16-0.7% in Salta that borders with Jujuy [284,292], 0.6% in Formosa [292] and 0.007% in Misiones [295].…”

Section: Htlv Prevalence and Morbidity In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED

Chabay

Lens

Hassan

et al. 2020

Cancers

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The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) are lymphomagenic viruses with region-specific induced morbidity. The RIAL-CYTED aims to increase the knowledge of lymphoma in Latin America (LA), and, as such, we systematically analyzed the literature to better understand our risk for virus-induced lymphoma. We observed that high endemicity regions for certain lymphomas, e.g., Mexico and Peru, have a high incidence of EBV-positive lymphomas of T/NK cell origin. Peru also carries the highest frequency of EBV-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), than any other LA country. Adult T cell lymphoma is endemic to the North of Brazil and Chile. While only few cases of KSHV-positive lymphomas were found, in spite of the close correlation of Kaposi sarcoma and the prevalence of pathogenic types of KSHV. Both EBV-associated HL and Burkitt lymphoma mainly affect young children, unlike in developed countries, in which adolescents and young adults are the most affected, correlating with an early EBV seroconversion for LA population despite of lack of infectious mononucleosis symptoms. High endemicity of KSHV and HTLV infection was observed among Amerindian populations, with differences between Amazonian and Andean populations.

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“…It causes an aggressive malignancy known as ATLL and a progressive chronic inflammatory neurological disease named HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) that is progressively invalidating (14). In this case, sexual transmission from her husband was confirmed, who got infected from her mother who died of ATLL years before in a non-endemic area of Argentina (15). So, physicians should bear HTLV-1 infection in mind and suspect it regardless of the patient’s residence.…”

Section: Background and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma and the Importance of Considering the Oncogenic and Immune-Suppressant Role of the Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: A Case Report

Lupo¹,

Berini

Cánepa

et al. 2017

Front. Oncol.

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IntroductionSoft-tissue sarcomas account for 0.7% of all malignant tumors, with an incidence rate of 3 per 100,000 persons/year. The undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) with giant cells, a high grade tumor of soft tissue, is very unusual, especially in young adults before the age of 40. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus, classified as group 1 human carcinogens by The International Agency for Research on Cancer, that causes an aggressive malignancy known as adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia and a progressive chronic inflammatory neurological disease named HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 causes accumulation of genetic mutations in the host genome that could contribute to cellular transformation, one of the oncogenic features of HTLV-1.Case reportWe describe a case of a young woman with UPS who suffered from HAM/TSP with 3 years of evolution. In 2013, the patient started with neurological symptoms: weakness in the legs and bladder dysfunction. One year later, the patient developed a mild paraparesis in both extremities, anti-HTLV-1 antibodies were detected in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid, and HAM/TSP was confirmed. In November 2015, a benign ganglion cyst was first suspected without intervention and by March 2016 a sarcoma was diagnosed. Three weeks after surgical resection, the tumor aroused in deep tissue and behaved aggressively, implicating a curative wide resection of the fibula, joint reconstruction, and soft-tissue graft. Histopathological examination confirmed UPS with giant cells.Concluding remarksThe unapparent subclinical immunodeficiency state due to HTLV-1 infection deserves to be considered in order to carefully monitor the possibility of developing any type of cancer. Besides, reaching an accurate and timely diagnosis of UPS can be challenging due to the difficulty in diagnosis/classification and delayed consultation. In this particular case, considering the high grade of UPS and the progressive invalidating myelopathy caused by HTLV-1, treatment should be carefully evaluated to positively impact on the patient’s life expectancy.

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HTLV-1 cosmopolitan and HTLV-2 subtype b among pregnant women of non-endemic areas of Argentina

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Silent dissemination of HTLV-1 in an endemic area of Argentina. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission

Silent dissemination of HTLV-1 in an endemic area of Argentina. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission

Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma and the Importance of Considering the Oncogenic and Immune-Suppressant Role of the Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: A Case Report

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