HTLV‐1 oncovirus‐host interactions: From entry to the manifestation of associated diseases

Ghezeldasht, Sanaz Ahmadi; Shamsian, Seyed Ali Akbar; Navashenaq, Jamshid Gholizadeh; Miri, Rahele; Ashrafi, Fereshteh; Mosavat, Arman; Rezaee, Seyed Abdolrahim

doi:10.1002/rmv.2235

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…10,11 HTLV-1 RNA is undetectable in serum or plasma due to efficient cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1. 12,13 In the target cell, the genomic RNA of HTLV-1 undergoes reverse transcription. The resulting double-stranded DNA is integrated into the host's genomic DNA, creating a provirus.…”

Section: Htlv-1 Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preferentially, HTLV‐1 infects TCD4 + CD25 + cells as the main host cell, especially C‐C chemokine receptor type 4‐positive (CCR4 + ) TCD25 + CD4 + cells 10,11 . HTLV‐1 RNA is undetectable in serum or plasma due to efficient cell‐to‐cell transmission of HTLV‐1 12,13 . In the target cell, the genomic RNA of HTLV‐1 undergoes reverse transcription.…”

Section: Htlv‐1 Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel insights into human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) pathogenesis‐host interactions in the manifestation of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

Ahmadi Ghezeldasht,

Mosavat,

Rezaee

2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) was the first discovered human oncogenic retrovirus, the etiological agent of two serious diseases have been identified as adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma malignancy and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a debilitating chronic neuro‐myelopathy. Despite more than 40 years of molecular, histopathological and immunological studies on HTLV‐1‐associated diseases, the virulence and pathogenicity of this virus are yet to be clarified. The reason why the majority of HTLV‐1‐infected individuals (∼95%) remain asymptomatic carriers is still unclear. The deterioration of the immune system towards oncogenicity and autoimmunity makes HTLV‐1 a natural probe for the study of malignancy and neuro‐inflammatory diseases. Additionally, its slow worldwide spreading has prompted public health authorities and researchers, as urged by the WHO, to focus on eradicating HTLV‐1. In contrast, neither an effective therapy nor a protective vaccine has been introduced. This comprehensive review focused on the most relevant studies of the neuro‐inflammatory propensity of HTLV‐1‐induced HAM/TSP. Such an emphasis on the virus‐host interactions in the HAM/TSP pathogenesis will be critically discussed epigenetically. The findings may shed light on future research venues in designing and developing proper HTLV‐1 therapeutics.

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Section: Htlv-1 Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Htlv‐1 Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights into human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) pathogenesis‐host interactions in the manifestation of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

Ahmadi Ghezeldasht,

Mosavat,

Rezaee

2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…While myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets have been shown to internalize HTLV-1 cell-free virions and become infected [56], cell-free infection by HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 is extremely inefficient [54,[57][58][59][60]. The primary mechanisms for infection via cell-to-cell contact involve the formation of a virological synapse (VS), driven by the polarization of the microtubule organizing center of an infected cell toward a target cell [61,62]. This polarization is triggered by virus-induced upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on the infected cell and its interaction with lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) on the target cell [52,63,64].…”

Section: Env-mediated Viral Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein: Post-Entry Roles in Viral Pathogenesis

Maksimova

Panfil

2022

Viruses

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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus that is the causative infectious agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an aggressive and fatal CD4+ T-cell malignancy, and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic neurological disease. Disease progression in infected individuals is the result of HTLV-1-driven clonal expansion of CD4+ T-cells and is generally associated with the activities of the viral oncoproteins Tax and Hbz. A closely related virus, HTLV-2, exhibits similar genomic features and the capacity to transform T-cells, but is non-pathogenic. In vitro, HTLV-1 primarily immortalizes or transforms CD4+ T-cells, while HTLV-2 displays a transformation tropism for CD8+ T-cells. This distinct tropism is recapitulated in infected people. Through comparative studies, the genetic determinant for this divergent tropism of HTLV-1/2 has been mapped to the viral envelope (Env). In this review, we explore the emerging roles for Env beyond initial viral entry and examine current perspectives on its contributions to HTLV-1-mediated disease development.

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“…The present study was conducted to find, firstly, for a virus with cell-to-cell spreading, not free particles such as HTLV-1 [13], whether or not immigration and neighbourhoods are risk factors for endemic ties as it is not still clear how the virus enters this endemic region [10]. Secondly, what was the role of the land route of the Silk Road in such spreading?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immigrating and vicinity are not risk factors in the prevalence and transmission rate of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: A Survey in an endemic region of Iran and Afghan refugees

Mahdifar

Akbari-Eidgahi²,

Mosavat³

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with two life-threatening diseases; HAM/TSP and ATLL. Due to the slow-growing HTLV-1 infection worldwide, WHO urged for elimination. A large border with Afghanistan, northeast Iran is an endemic region for HTLV-1 infection. Historically, Afghanistan has common sociocultural similarities to Persian peoples. This study was conducted to evaluate HTLV-1 prevalence in Afghan refugees. Also, the HTLV-1 transmission rate and understanding of whether or not the Silk Road has been the route of HTLV-1 infection to Iran were investigated. This case-control study was conducted in a rural area of Fariman city, with Afghan residents who migrated around 165 years ago, from 1857, the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Anglo-Persian war, and a refugee camp in Torbat-e-Jam city. These populations in HTLV-1 endemic area were compared to a segregated population of Afghan refugees in Semnan, the centre of Iran. Blood samples of 983 volunteers were assessed with the ELISA method for the presence of HTLV-1 antibodies and then confirmed by PCR technique. All samples from Afghan refugee camps, Semnan and Torbat-e-Jam, were negative for HTLV-1 infection. However, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Fariman, a rural population of Afghan origin, was approximately 2.73%. The results showed that HTLV-1 is not endemic in Afghanistan, a war-stricken region with refugees distributed worldwide. The land Silk Road has not been the route of HTLV-1 transmission to Northeastern Iran. Importantly, HTLV-1 endemicity might occur during a long time of living in an endemic area.

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HTLV‐1 oncovirus‐host interactions: From entry to the manifestation of associated diseases

Cited by 14 publications

References 193 publications

Novel insights into human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) pathogenesis‐host interactions in the manifestation of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

Novel insights into human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) pathogenesis‐host interactions in the manifestation of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein: Post-Entry Roles in Viral Pathogenesis

Immigrating and vicinity are not risk factors in the prevalence and transmission rate of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: A Survey in an endemic region of Iran and Afghan refugees

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